Real-World Comparative Evaluation of Add-On Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Type 2 Diabetes Treated with or without Insulin
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insulin User | Non-Insulin User | p-Value (Insulin User vs. Non-Insulin User) | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | 147 | 211 | |
Age (years) | 56.7 ± 13.1 | 50.6 ± 12.9 | <0.001 |
Male (%) | 51 | 51 | NS |
DM duration (years) | 12.1 ± 7.1 | 8.7 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
BW (kg) | 77.2± 16.0 | 83.7 ± 16.1 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 5.2 | 31.3± 5.3 | 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 136 ± 18 | 135 ± 16 | NS |
DBP (mmHg) | 81 ± 10 | 82 ± 10 | NS |
Enrollment into “Diabetes Shared Care Program” (%) | 86 | 91 | NS |
Comorbidities | |||
Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 19 | 17 | NS |
Coronary artery disease (%) | 19 | 17 | NS |
Stroke (%) | 11 | 9 | NS |
Peripheral artery disease (%) | 0 | 1 | NS |
Congestive heart failure (%) | 3 | 7 | NS |
Biochemical data | |||
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 186.01 ± 72.88 | 174.98 ± 55.87 | 0.12 |
A1C (%) | 9.50 ± 1.70 | 8.84 ± 1.60 | <0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.15 ± 1.60 | 0.83 ± 0.43 | 0.007 |
Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) < 45 (%) | 16 | 6 | 0.002 |
ALT (U/L) | 36 ± 28 | 43 ± 26 | 0.017 |
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 604 ± 1136 | 274 ± 747 | 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 158.8 ± 38.2 | 167.0 ± 42.8 | NS |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 191.8 ± 207.8 | 203.2 ± 164.1 | NS |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 44.6 ± 13.6 | 44.0 ± 11.6 | NS |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 95.6 ± 32.34 | 98.3 ± 32.4 | NS |
Other anti-diabetes medications | |||
Metformin (%) | 72 | 91 | <0.001 |
Insulin secretagogues (%) | 42 | 72 | <0.001 |
Pioglitazone (%) | 14 | 12 | NS |
Acarbose (%) | 10 | 8 | NS |
DPP-4 inhibitor (%) | 1 | 3 | NS |
SGLT-2 inhibitor (%) | 5 | 8 | NS |
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Chou, H.-W.; Cheng, K.-P.; Lin, A.-C.; Hung, H.-C.; Lin, C.-H.; Wang, C.-C.; Wu, H.-T.; Ou, H.-Y. Real-World Comparative Evaluation of Add-On Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Type 2 Diabetes Treated with or without Insulin. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15, 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15121569
Chou H-W, Cheng K-P, Lin A-C, Hung H-C, Lin C-H, Wang C-C, Wu H-T, Ou H-Y. Real-World Comparative Evaluation of Add-On Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Type 2 Diabetes Treated with or without Insulin. Pharmaceuticals. 2022; 15(12):1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15121569
Chicago/Turabian StyleChou, Hsuan-Wen, Kai-Pi Cheng, An-Chi Lin, Hao-Chang Hung, Ching-Han Lin, Chih-Chen Wang, Hung-Tsung Wu, and Horng-Yih Ou. 2022. "Real-World Comparative Evaluation of Add-On Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Type 2 Diabetes Treated with or without Insulin" Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 12: 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15121569
APA StyleChou, H.-W., Cheng, K.-P., Lin, A.-C., Hung, H.-C., Lin, C.-H., Wang, C.-C., Wu, H.-T., & Ou, H.-Y. (2022). Real-World Comparative Evaluation of Add-On Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Type 2 Diabetes Treated with or without Insulin. Pharmaceuticals, 15(12), 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15121569