In Vitro Studies on Nasal Formulations of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nasal Route
2.1. Anatomical and Physiological Considerations
2.2. Nose-to-Brain Delivery
2.3. Requisites of Nasal Formulations
3. In Vitro Cell Models to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Nasal Formulations
3.1. Human Nasal Epithelial Cells (HNEpC)
3.2. Human Nasal Septum Quasidiploid Tumour Cells (RPMI 2650)
3.3. Human Lung Cancer Cells (Calu-3)
3.4. Human Epithelial Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells (Caco-2)
3.5. Others
4. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) for Nasal Delivery
4.1. In Vitro Studies with Nasal Formulations of NLC and SLN
4.1.1. Liquid Formulations
4.1.2. Semisolid Formulations
5. Nasal Cavity Models
Computational Models
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | Surface Area | Location | Characteristics | Vascularization | Epithelium |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vestibule | 0.6 cm2 | Anterior part |
| Low | Squamous epithelium |
Respiratory region | 130 cm2 | Middle part and lateral walls |
| High | Respiratory epithelium: ciliated pseudostratified and columnar epithelium |
Olfactory region | 10 cm2 | Upper part |
| High | Olfactory epithelium |
Type of Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation | Drug | Targeted Disease | Cell Line | Relevant Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLN-liquid | Curcumin | CNS disorders | Mouse fetal fibroblasts |
| [76] |
SLN-liquid | Dopamine and grape seed extract | Parkinson’s disease | SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and Olfactory ensheathing |
| [74] |
NLC-liquid | Ketoconazole | Meningoencephalitis | Fungal cells |
| [71] |
SLN-liquid | Nalbuphine | Pain management | Human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) |
| [77] |
SLN-semisolid | Paeonol | CNS disorders | RPMI 2650 |
| [80] |
NLC-liquid | Pioglitazone | Alzheimer’s disease | SH-SY5Y |
| [72] |
SLN-liquid | Pueraria flavone | CNS disorders | Caco-2 |
| [75] |
NLC-liquid | Tacrine | Alzheimer’s disease | SH-SY5Y |
| [73] |
NLC-liquid | Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | bEnd.3 cerebral cortex |
| [78] |
NLC-semisolid | Teriflunomide | Glioma | Human U-87 |
| [79] |
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Costa, C.P.; Barreiro, S.; Moreira, J.N.; Silva, R.; Almeida, H.; Sousa Lobo, J.M.; Silva, A.C. In Vitro Studies on Nasal Formulations of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080711
Costa CP, Barreiro S, Moreira JN, Silva R, Almeida H, Sousa Lobo JM, Silva AC. In Vitro Studies on Nasal Formulations of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). Pharmaceuticals. 2021; 14(8):711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080711
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosta, Cláudia Pina, Sandra Barreiro, João Nuno Moreira, Renata Silva, Hugo Almeida, José Manuel Sousa Lobo, and Ana Catarina Silva. 2021. "In Vitro Studies on Nasal Formulations of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN)" Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 8: 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080711