Active Hydraulic Oil Pressure Measurement System as a Source of Information About the Technical Condition of the Aircraft Hydrostatic Drive
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Formulating the Problem and Model of an Active Hydraulic Oil Pressure Measurement System
2.1. Corrective Element of the Aircraft Hydrostatic Drive
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- Many input signals (disturbances) acting on hydrostatic drives are sinusoidal in nature (generally, they are the sum of trigonometric functions). This group of disturbances includes, among others, pressure and flow rate pulsations generated by hydraulic pumps. In these cases, the step response characteristics provide direct information about the drive’s behavior.
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- Dynamic system analysis methods developed in the theory of automatic control are primarily based on frequency characteristics.
2.2. Active Hydraulic Oil Pressure Measurement System in the Hydrostatic Drive
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- A measuring tip permanently built into the hydrostatic drive;
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- A fixed measuring orifice allowing for measuring the effect of the hydraulic accumulator on the hydrostatic drive;
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- A sensor for measuring pressure difference;
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- A hydraulic accumulator acting as a corrective element.
2.3. Diagnostic Model of the Hydraulic System as a Hydrostatic Drive Module of an Aircraft
3. Research Results and Their Discussion
3.1. Simulation Studies of Pressure Changes in a Hydrostatic Drive with Passive Pressure Measurement
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- Did not affect the relationship between the design changes and the changes in the step response curves;
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3.2. Simulation Tests of an Active System for Measuring Pressure Changes in a Hydrostatic Drive
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- (1)
- Changing the design parameters (ki, ko, kZH, kc) of the hydrostatic drive and regulator components (kR, Tj) causes a change in the step response.
- (2)
- The change in the step response as a function of the design parameters (ki, ko, kZH, kc) of the hydrostatic drive and regulator components (kR, Tj) does not depend on the method of disturbing the hydrostatic drive with (∆Qo, ∆Qp).
- (3)
- The change in the step response as a function of the design parameters of the hydrostatic drive and regulator is more pronounced if the hydraulic correction accumulator is the only corrective element operating in the hydrostatic drive, i.e., in variant BZ, when the hydraulic correction accumulator is inserted into the hydrostatic drive after the hydraulic accumulator is disconnected from the hydrostatic drive (see Figure 1).
- (4)
- The change in the step response as a function of changes in the design parameters of the hydrostatic drive and regulator depends on the parameters of the corrector used. Therefore, it is possible to use multiple correctors to test the same hydrostatic drive, and the resulting signals, e.g., Qk1, Qk2, and Qk3, significantly facilitate the identification of changes in the hydrostatic drive being tested.
- (5)
- During passive measurement of the hydraulic fluid pressure in the hydrostatic drive, diagnostic information contained in the majorant of the step response of signal p (see Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9) is concentrated at a single characteristic point close to the maximum value of the step response of signal Qk (Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, Figure 19, Figure 20 and Figure 21).
- (6)
- The slight delay in the step response of the pressure change signal relative to the disturbance allows for effective interpretation of changes in this signal. Information about internal changes in the hydrostatic drive (wear of the hydraulic pairs of precision hydraulic devices) in the form of changes in signal p will flow out of the system undistorted, even after the short-term disturbance ceases.
4. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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| No. | R | cx | b1 = R | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.4 | 50 | 0.4 | 8.0 |
| 2 | 0.04 | 50 | 0.04 | 0.8 |
| Lp. | ki | ko | kZH | kc | kR | Tj | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 150 | 0.003 | 0.1 | 0.0002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.03 | 0.56 |
| 2 | 15 | 0.003 | 0.1 | 0.0002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0.0096 | 0.18 |
| 3 | 150 | 0.0003 | 0.1 | 0.0002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.0047 | 0.56 |
| 4 | 150 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.0002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 60.0 | 0.192 | 3.6 |
| 5 | 150 | 0.003 | 0.1 | 0.00002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.027 | 0.56 |
| 6 | 150 | 0.003 | 0.1 | 0.0002 | 0.003 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.03 | 0.056 |
| Lp. | ki | ko | kZH | kc | kR | Tj | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 150 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.0002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.0019 | 0.56 |
| 2 | 15 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.0002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0.0006 | 0.18 |
| 3 | 150 | 0.0003 | 0.1 | 0.0002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.03 | 0.56 |
| 4 | 150 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.0002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 60.0 | 0.012 | 3.6 |
| 5 | 150 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.00002 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.00019 | 0.56 |
| 6 | 150 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.0002 | 0.003 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.0019 | 0.056 |
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Ułanowicz, L. Active Hydraulic Oil Pressure Measurement System as a Source of Information About the Technical Condition of the Aircraft Hydrostatic Drive. Sensors 2025, 25, 6031. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196031
Ułanowicz L. Active Hydraulic Oil Pressure Measurement System as a Source of Information About the Technical Condition of the Aircraft Hydrostatic Drive. Sensors. 2025; 25(19):6031. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196031
Chicago/Turabian StyleUłanowicz, Leszek. 2025. "Active Hydraulic Oil Pressure Measurement System as a Source of Information About the Technical Condition of the Aircraft Hydrostatic Drive" Sensors 25, no. 19: 6031. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196031
APA StyleUłanowicz, L. (2025). Active Hydraulic Oil Pressure Measurement System as a Source of Information About the Technical Condition of the Aircraft Hydrostatic Drive. Sensors, 25(19), 6031. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196031
