A Fusion Model for Intelligent Diagnosis of Gear Faults with Small Sample Sizes

Gear faults are a frequent cause of rotating machinery breakdowns. There are two open issues in the current intelligent diagnosis model of gear faults. (1) Shallow models demand fewer data but necessitate feature extraction from raw signals, relying on prior knowledge. (2) Deep networks can adaptively extract fault features but require large datasets to train hyperparameters. In this paper, a novel fusion model, called CBAM–TCN–SVM, is proposed for intelligent gear fault diagnosis. It consists of a temporal convolutional network module (TCN), a convolutional block attention module (CBAM), and a support vector machine (SVM) module. More specifically, the frequency−domain sequence data are fed into the CBAM−TCN model, which effectively extracts deep fault features via multiple convolutional layers, channel attention mechanisms, and spatial attention mechanisms. Then, the SVM classifier is employed for intelligent classification. The fusion model combines the advantages of deep networks and shallow classifiers, addressing the issues that arise when the accuracy of fault diagnoses is constrained by the data scale and feature extractions rely on prior knowledge. The experiments result in the proposed method achieving a classification accuracy of 98.3% and demonstrate that it is a feasible approach for predicting gear faults.