Comparative Analysis of Two Types of Combined Power-Over-Fiber and Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Raman Amplification for Different Link Lengths †
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. RoF and PoF Receiving Analog RF Link
3. Experimental Measurement Procedure and Results
3.1. Experimental Measurement Procedure
- RF Power Gain Measurement
- Noise Figure Measurement
- Spurious-free dynamic range measurement
3.2. Theoretical Procedure
- RF Power Gain Theory
- Noise Figure Theory
- Spurious-free dynamic range theory
4. Optical and Radio Frequency Measurement Analysis
Optical Measurements Analysis
- Raman amplification
- Power over Fiber Analysis
- Radio frequency measurement analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ASE | Amplified Spontaneous Emission |
BER | Bit Error Rate |
OC1 | Optical Circulator 1 |
OC2 | Optical Circulator 2 |
EDFA | Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier |
EVM | Error Vector Magnitude |
HPLS | High Power Laser Source |
ISO | Isolator |
IM/DD | Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection |
MMF | Multimode Fibers |
MZM | Mach–Zehnder Modulator |
NF | Noise Figure |
PD | Photodetector |
PPC | Photovoltaic Power Converter |
PoF | Power over Fiber |
PON | Passive Optical Networks |
PSD | Power Spectral Density |
RIN | Relative Intensity Noise |
RoF | Radio over Fiber |
SMF | Single-mode fiber |
SFDR | Spurious-Free Dynamic Range |
SRS | Stimulate Raman Scattering |
TLS | Tunable Laser Source |
TOF1 | Tunable Optical Filter 1 |
TOF2 | Tunable Optical Filters 2 |
WDM1 | Wavelength Division Multiplexer 1 |
WDM2 | Wavelength Division Multiplexer 2 |
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Fiber Length | 5 km | 10 km | 15 km | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HPLS | Raman | EDFA | Raman | EDFA | Raman | EDFA |
(dB) | 41.8 | 33.3 | 45.6 | 31 | 42.6 | 34.7 |
(dB) | 3.3 | 5.5 | 2 | 21.3 | 2.6 | 8.8 |
() | 85 | 87.5 | 81.5 | 86.4 | 81.8 | 86.8 |
(dBm) | 35 | 37 | 33 | 36 | 32 | 33.4 |
(dBm) | 31.5 | 34.3 | 28.4 | 32.6 | 26.2 | 29.6 |
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Kiohara, P.; Souza, R.H.; Quintard, V.; Guegan, M.; Ghisa, L.; Pérennou, A.; Coutinho, O.L. Comparative Analysis of Two Types of Combined Power-Over-Fiber and Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Raman Amplification for Different Link Lengths. Sensors 2025, 25, 4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134159
Kiohara P, Souza RH, Quintard V, Guegan M, Ghisa L, Pérennou A, Coutinho OL. Comparative Analysis of Two Types of Combined Power-Over-Fiber and Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Raman Amplification for Different Link Lengths. Sensors. 2025; 25(13):4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134159
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiohara, Paulo, Romildo H. Souza, Véronique Quintard, Mikael Guegan, Laura Ghisa, André Pérennou, and Olympio L. Coutinho. 2025. "Comparative Analysis of Two Types of Combined Power-Over-Fiber and Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Raman Amplification for Different Link Lengths" Sensors 25, no. 13: 4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134159
APA StyleKiohara, P., Souza, R. H., Quintard, V., Guegan, M., Ghisa, L., Pérennou, A., & Coutinho, O. L. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Two Types of Combined Power-Over-Fiber and Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Raman Amplification for Different Link Lengths. Sensors, 25(13), 4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134159