Research on the Defect Detection Method of Steel-Reinforced Concrete Based on Piezoelectric Technology and Weight Analysis

Aiming at the complex internal working conditions of steel-reinforced concrete structures, this paper proposes an active detection method for the internal hollow defects of steel-reinforced concrete based on wave analysis by using the driving and sensing functions of piezoelectric ceramic materials. The feasibility was verified through the single-condition detection test, revealing the propagation and attenuation characteristics of the stress wave signal under various detection conditions, and it was applied to the damage identification of steel-reinforced concrete rectangular section columns. Combined with the wavelet packet energy theory, the data processing of the original detection signal is carried out based on composite weighting by energy distribution entropy. Finally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was introduced to study the weight vectors of different damage metrics on the detection signal, and a linear regression model based on different damage metrics was proposed as the comprehensive defect evaluation index. The research results show that the detection of internal defects in steel-reinforced concrete structures based on piezoelectric technology is applicable to concrete of different strength grades. With the increase of the detection distance and the degree of damage, the energy of the stress wave signal decreases. For example, under defect-free conditions, the energy value of the stress wave signal with a detection distance of 400 mm decreases by 92.94% compared to that with a detection distance of 100 mm. Meanwhile, it can be known from the defect detection test results of steel-reinforced concrete columns that the wavelet packet energy value under the defect condition with three obstacles decreased by 85.42% compared with the barrier-free condition, and the defect evaluation index (DI) gradually increased from 0 to 0.859. The comprehensive application of piezoelectric technology and weight analysis methods has achieved qualitative and quantitative analysis of defects, providing reference value for the maintenance and repair of steel-reinforced concrete structures.