Concurrent Supra-Postural Auditory–Hand Coordination Task Affects Postural Control: Using Sonification to Explore Environmental Unpredictability in Factors Affecting Fall Risk
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Apparatus
2.3. Task
2.4. Design
2.5. Stimuli
2.6. Procedure
2.7. Measures
2.7.1. Performance
2.7.2. Synchronization with Postural Fluctuations
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Hearing and Mobility Questionnaires
3.2. Performance on Matching Hand Movements to the Sound Stimulus
3.3. Postural Synchronization with the Auditory Hand Movement Task
3.4. Association between Postural Synchronization and Auditory Hand-Matching Performance
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Sonification Engine
Appendix B. Cross-Wavelet Analysis
Appendix C. Linear Model Table
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β0: Y, Fixed tempo, Shoulder-width | 0.760 (0.024) ‡ | 0.745 (0.034) ‡ | 0.771 (0.039) ‡ | 0.943 (0.034) ‡ | 0.943 (0.035) ‡ | 0.862 (0.049) ‡ |
β1: A | 8.325 (13.337) | 9.897 (13.418) | −31.351 (9.693) † | −31.358 (9.735) † | 21.544 (23.744) | |
β2: O | −0.058 (0.048) | −0.038 (0.043) | −0.038 (0.043) | 0.059 (0.060) | ||
β3: Random tempo | −0.221 (0.011) ‡ | −0.221 (0.011) ‡ | −0.218 (0.011) ‡ | |||
β4: Narrow stance | 0.000 (0.011) | 0.002 (0.011) | ||||
β5: A in O | −62.153 (25.639) * | |||||
AIC | −277.907 | −276.264 | −275.720 | −528.183 | −526.183 | −529.953 |
BIC | −266.316 | −260.810 | −256.401 | −505.001 | −499.137 | −499.043 |
Log-Likelihood | 141.953 | 142.132 | 142.860 | 270.091 | 270.091 | 272.976 |
Number of observations | 352 | 352 | 352 | 352 | 352 | 352 |
Number of random effects groupings | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
Variance of individual intercepts σ0i | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.010 |
Variance of residual σij | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.010 |
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Dotov, D.; Motsenyat, A.; Trainor, L.J. Concurrent Supra-Postural Auditory–Hand Coordination Task Affects Postural Control: Using Sonification to Explore Environmental Unpredictability in Factors Affecting Fall Risk. Sensors 2024, 24, 1994. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061994
Dotov D, Motsenyat A, Trainor LJ. Concurrent Supra-Postural Auditory–Hand Coordination Task Affects Postural Control: Using Sonification to Explore Environmental Unpredictability in Factors Affecting Fall Risk. Sensors. 2024; 24(6):1994. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061994
Chicago/Turabian StyleDotov, Dobromir, Ariel Motsenyat, and Laurel J. Trainor. 2024. "Concurrent Supra-Postural Auditory–Hand Coordination Task Affects Postural Control: Using Sonification to Explore Environmental Unpredictability in Factors Affecting Fall Risk" Sensors 24, no. 6: 1994. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061994