Non-Invasive Malaria Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a DNA-Based Sensor System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. DNA Oligonucleotides
- 5′-Amine REEAD primer:5′-[AmC6] CCAACCAACCAACCAAGGAGCCAAACATGTGCATTGAGG-3′;
- pTOP1substrate:5′-TCTAGAAAGTATAGGAACTTCGAACGACTCAGAATGACTGTGAAGA TCGCTTATCCTCAATGCACATGTTTGGCTCCCATTCTGAGTCGTTCGAAGTTCCTATTCTTT-3′;
- hTOP1substrate:5′-AGAAAAATTTTTAAAAAAACTGTGAAGATCGCTTATTTTTTTAAAAAT TTTTCTAAGTCTTTTAGATCCCTCAATGCACATGTTTGGCTCCGATCTAAAAGACTTAGA-3′;
- Fluorescent probe:5′-[FAM] CCT CAA TGC ACA TGT TTG GCT CC-3′.
2.3. Saliva and Blood Samples from Malaria Patients and Uninfected Individuals
2.4. REEAD
2.4.1. Preparation of Slides
2.4.2. Extraction of Saliva Samples
2.4.3. Circularization with Saliva Samples
2.4.4. Circularization with P. falciparum TOP1 Spiked in Saliva
2.4.5. Circularization with Purified P. falciparum TOP1 and Human TOP1
2.4.6. Rolling Circle Amplification and Detection Using Fluorescence Microscope
2.4.7. Rolling Circle Amplification and Detection Using CCD Camera or VPCIReader
2.4.8. VPCIReader Usage
2.5. Protein Purifications
2.5.1. P. falciparum TOP1
2.5.2. Human TOP1
2.5.3. Phi29 Polymerase
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Semiquantitative Detection of the Plasmodium-SPECIFIC Biomarker pTOP1 by the Use of Chemiluminescence Readout
3.2. Detection of Plasmodium in Saliva from Malaria-Positive Individuals in High-Resource Laboratory Settings
3.3. Development and Proof-of-Concept Testing of an Affordable Portable Reader for Measuring Chemiluminescence REEAD Signals
3.4. Detection of Malaria in Saliva from Infected Individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Juul-Kristensen, T.; Thiesen, C.; Wulff Haurum, L.; Keller, J.G.; Lendamba, R.W.; Zoleko Manego, R.; Betouke Ongwe, M.E.; Knudsen, B.R.; Pareja, E.; Pareja-Tobes, E.; et al. Non-Invasive Malaria Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a DNA-Based Sensor System. Sensors 2024, 24, 7947. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24247947
Juul-Kristensen T, Thiesen C, Wulff Haurum L, Keller JG, Lendamba RW, Zoleko Manego R, Betouke Ongwe ME, Knudsen BR, Pareja E, Pareja-Tobes E, et al. Non-Invasive Malaria Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a DNA-Based Sensor System. Sensors. 2024; 24(24):7947. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24247947
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuul-Kristensen, Trine, Celine Thiesen, Line Wulff Haurum, Josephine Geertsen Keller, Romeo Wenceslas Lendamba, Rella Zoleko Manego, Madeleine Eunice Betouke Ongwe, Birgitta Ruth Knudsen, Eduardo Pareja, Eduardo Pareja-Tobes, and et al. 2024. "Non-Invasive Malaria Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a DNA-Based Sensor System" Sensors 24, no. 24: 7947. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24247947
APA StyleJuul-Kristensen, T., Thiesen, C., Wulff Haurum, L., Keller, J. G., Lendamba, R. W., Zoleko Manego, R., Betouke Ongwe, M. E., Knudsen, B. R., Pareja, E., Pareja-Tobes, E., Labouriau, R., Mombo-Ngoma, G., & Tesauro, C. (2024). Non-Invasive Malaria Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a DNA-Based Sensor System. Sensors, 24(24), 7947. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24247947