Fiber Residual Stress Effects on Modal Gain Equalization of Few-Mode Fiber Amplifier
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Principle
3. Experimental Measurement
4. Result
4.1. Passive FMF
4.2. FM-EDF-LAER
4.3. FM-EDF-HAER
5. Discussion
- (1)
- We assumed that there was an ideal FM-EDF-HAER, but with residual stress distribution and RI profile being consistent with those of the passive FMF, and marked it as the ideal fiber. In this case, the calculated modal gains and DMG as a function of wavelength are shown in Figure 8a. In the wavelength range of 1530~1565 nm, the DMG reached the maximum of 0.96 dB at 1565 nm, and the maximum DMG appeared between LP02 and LP01.
- (2)
- The experimental RI profile of the FM-EDF-LAER was analyzed with FMFA theory to calculate the DMG. The corresponding results are shown in Figure 8b. Since the fiber had been doped with a lower EDC, the maximum signal modal gain was 18.35 dB, which was lower than the maximum modal gain (about 20.03 dB) of the ideal fiber. In the C-band range, the DMG reached the maximum of 1.34 dB at 1565 nm, and the maximum DMG appeared between LP02 and LP11.
- (3)
- The experimental RI profile of the FM-EDF-HAER was analyzed with FMFA theory to calculate the DMG, and the corresponding results are shown in Figure 8c. The maximum signal modal gain of this fiber was 20.39 dB. Similarly, as the wavelength continued to increase, the DMG at 1565 nm reached a maximum of 1.67 dB. Moreover, the maximum DMG appeared between LP11 and LP21.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fiber | Maximum SEP (dBm) | Peak Residual Stress in Core (MPa) | Property of Residual Stress in Core | RI Change | DMG (dB) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ideal fiber | −46.70 | 4.86 | Tensile stress | Broken layer transition | 0.96 |
FM-EDF-LAER | −55.76 | 1.39 | Partial transformation to compressive stress | Gradually smooth curve layer transition | 1.34 |
FM-EDF-HAER | −46.70 | 0.01 | Compressive stress | Totally smooth curve layer transition | 1.67 |
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Pei, L.; Chang, Y.; Wang, J.; Zheng, J.; Ning, T.; Li, J.; Bai, B.; Shen, L.; Zhong, L. Fiber Residual Stress Effects on Modal Gain Equalization of Few-Mode Fiber Amplifier. Sensors 2023, 23, 2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052574
Pei L, Chang Y, Wang J, Zheng J, Ning T, Li J, Bai B, Shen L, Zhong L. Fiber Residual Stress Effects on Modal Gain Equalization of Few-Mode Fiber Amplifier. Sensors. 2023; 23(5):2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052574
Chicago/Turabian StylePei, Li, Yanbiao Chang, Jianshuai Wang, Jingjing Zheng, Tigang Ning, Jing Li, Bing Bai, Lei Shen, and Li Zhong. 2023. "Fiber Residual Stress Effects on Modal Gain Equalization of Few-Mode Fiber Amplifier" Sensors 23, no. 5: 2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052574
APA StylePei, L., Chang, Y., Wang, J., Zheng, J., Ning, T., Li, J., Bai, B., Shen, L., & Zhong, L. (2023). Fiber Residual Stress Effects on Modal Gain Equalization of Few-Mode Fiber Amplifier. Sensors, 23(5), 2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052574