Impact of Initial Cyclic Loading on Mechanical Properties and Performance of Nafion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The Young’s modulus does not depend on the strain rate; that is, the present study considered Nafion sheet samples loaded with strain rates of 0.23, 1 and 4%/s, from which the obtained Young’s moduli were approximately identical within the measurement error;
- (2)
- The strain recovery during unloading in the first cycle depends on the speed of strain rate. Briefly, to achieve the larger unloading strain recovery requires the faster strain rate;
- (3)
- With an increasing number of loading cycles, the dependence of strain recovery on the speed of strain rate decreases. Namely, the dependency of strain recovery on the strain rate diminishes with the number of loading cycles. We also show that for all study considered cases the strain recovery is decreases from 25% (first cycle) to about ~15% (final cycle);
- (4)
- As for a time-dependent strain recovery after unloading (i.e., in the fifth cycle), the amount of strain recovery strongly depends on the strain rate. The faster the strain rate is, then the larger strain recovery is. For all the strain rates, the strain recovery slows down with increasing time and is negligible after 4000 s. Besides, the time-dependent strain recovery is due to the viscoplastic character of the polymer and residual stresses established after loading (see modeling with the viscoplasticity theory-based overstress [44,45]). The recovery is not complete due to some damage of the material structure.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vokoun, D.; Samal, S.; Stachiv, I. Impact of Initial Cyclic Loading on Mechanical Properties and Performance of Nafion. Sensors 2023, 23, 1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031488
Vokoun D, Samal S, Stachiv I. Impact of Initial Cyclic Loading on Mechanical Properties and Performance of Nafion. Sensors. 2023; 23(3):1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031488
Chicago/Turabian StyleVokoun, David, Sneha Samal, and Ivo Stachiv. 2023. "Impact of Initial Cyclic Loading on Mechanical Properties and Performance of Nafion" Sensors 23, no. 3: 1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031488