Co-Designing Digital Technologies for Improving Clinical Care in People with Parkinson’s Disease: What Did We Learn?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Analysis
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Sample and Recruitment
2.3. Experimental Set-Up
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- MooVeo is a software package designed to help physicians and patients with PD to track their disease manifestations remotely using the webcam of a standard computer [8]. The patient stands in front of the computer at a specific distance and runs MooVeo. Through text and figures, the software guides the patient through three simple motion tasks, detailing how to perform them, and records videos of the different tasks. When the patient is in front of the camera, the software localizes different points on the hand (the fingers) of the patient. Therefore, when the patient performs the task, the software “follows” the hand and measures the movement. On the basis of this, the software generates various metrics (i.e., mean amplitude or speed of the movement), which are used to generate a report that can be sent to the patient or the care team. This software can be used by the patient to monitor his/her motor conditions. Additionally, the neurologist can potentially monitor changes related to treatment and symptom progression, and it can even help in diagnosis. The software can be run locally or as a cloud application, with recorded videos being uploaded to the cloud and automatically quantified in a secure HIPAA/GDPR-compliant manner.
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- SpiroGym is a mobile phone application designed to help patients increase their self-management, motivation and adherence to a respiratory physiotherapy program [9]. Patients train their respiratory strength with the assistance of a commercially available expiratory muscle trainer device and an externally added microphone. The microphone captures the expiratory sound during respiratory training and the SpiroGym app transforms it into a graph. The app thus gives patients visual feedback about the quality of their use of the expiratory muscle trainer device. The SpiroGym app also allows the patient to check on training data from previous workouts and therefore monitor long-term development [9].
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- PD Monitor is a non-invasive continuous monitoring system for use by PD, certified as a Class IIa Medical Device according to European regulation EE 93/42/EEC [10]. It is composed of a set of wearable devices, a mobile application that enables patients/caregivers to record medication, nutrition, self-assessed motor and non-motor status information, and a physician tool, which graphically presents all patient-related information.
2.4. Data Management
3. Results
3.1. Usability of MooVeo
3.2. Acceptability of MooVeo
3.3. Codesign Suggestions
4. Discussion
4.1. Lessons Learned When Codesigning Digital Technologies with Patients in an International Consortium
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | ||
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 66.5 (48.5–82.5) | |
Sex (female/male) | Male | 19 (61.3%) |
Female | 12 (38.7%) | |
Disease duration (years) | 8 (1.64–25.6) | |
Hoehn and Yahr stage | 1. Symptoms on one side only | 2 (6.5%) |
2. Symptoms on both sides but no impairment of balance | 23 (74.2%) | |
3. Balance impairment. Mild to moderate disease | 5 (16.1%) | |
4. Severe disability, but able to walk or stand unassisted | 1 (3.2%) | |
MDS-UPDRS III | 27.5 (5–119) |
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Monje, M.H.G.; Grosjean, S.; Srp, M.; Antunes, L.; Bouça-Machado, R.; Cacho, R.; Domínguez, S.; Inocentes, J.; Lynch, T.; Tsakanika, A.; et al. Co-Designing Digital Technologies for Improving Clinical Care in People with Parkinson’s Disease: What Did We Learn? Sensors 2023, 23, 4957. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104957
Monje MHG, Grosjean S, Srp M, Antunes L, Bouça-Machado R, Cacho R, Domínguez S, Inocentes J, Lynch T, Tsakanika A, et al. Co-Designing Digital Technologies for Improving Clinical Care in People with Parkinson’s Disease: What Did We Learn? Sensors. 2023; 23(10):4957. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104957
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonje, Mariana H. G., Sylvie Grosjean, Martin Srp, Laura Antunes, Raquel Bouça-Machado, Ricardo Cacho, Sergio Domínguez, John Inocentes, Timothy Lynch, Argyri Tsakanika, and et al. 2023. "Co-Designing Digital Technologies for Improving Clinical Care in People with Parkinson’s Disease: What Did We Learn?" Sensors 23, no. 10: 4957. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104957