Product Integration of Established Crash Sensors for Safety Applications in Lightweight Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Current State of Research
3. Motive and Aim
- The transfer of established sensors is possible for future FRP vehicle structures. There is no need to develop and validate new sensors or sensor joints.
- The number of independently mounted sensors, as well as the wiring harness system, is reduced, additionally saving weight and construction space of a vehicle.
- Several sensing applications are well combinable; mounted sensors, connectors and the cable harness limit that. Automotive sensor concepts can be more complex.
- The integration opens up the potential of additional sensor applications for established sensors. This extends the application range of these sensors.
4. Technological Implementation
5. Structural Component Quality and Mechanics
5.1. Methods and Materials
5.2. Results
5.2.1. Integration Quality
5.2.2. Mechanical Properties
5.3. Discussion
6. Crash Sensing
6.1. Methods and Materials
6.2. Results
6.3. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CFRP | Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers |
CNT | Carbon nano tubes |
CT | Computer tomography |
FRP | Fibre-reinforced polymers |
IoT | Internet of Things |
LCM | Liquid composite moulding |
MEMS | Micro electro mechanical system |
RTM | Resin transfer moulding |
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Specific Value | Reference | Self-Sensing | Regular | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CFRP structure [0/90]S | |||||
Tensile test (DIN EN ISO 527-4) | |||||
Fibre content (%vol.) | 60 | 36 | 35 | ||
Tensile modulus (GPa) | 69.2 (2.1) | 43 (1.2) | 41.4 (1.3) | ||
Tensile strength (MPa) | 1064 (98.3) | 699 (19.0) | * | 607 (48.5) | |
Elongation at break (%) | 1.47 (0.05) | 1.54 (0.03) | * | 1.3 (0.05) | |
Compression test (DIN EN ISO 14126) | |||||
Fibre content (%vol.) | 62 | 35 | 35 | ||
Compressive modulus (GPa) | 69.3 (1.0) | ** | 41.4 (0.2) | 40.1 (1.5) | |
Compressive strength (MPa) | 572 (22.2) | ** | 283 (37.2) | * | 395 (12.3) |
Compression (%) | 0.92 (0.04) | 0.71 (0.11) | * | 1.15 (0.06) | |
Bending test (DIN EN ISO 14125) | |||||
Fibre content (%vol.) | 61 | 35 | 35 | ||
Bending modulus (GPa) | 75.3 (3.1) | 46.6 (2.5) | 44.5 (2.2) | ||
Bending strength (MPa) | 918 (68.2) | 683 (28) | 663 (40.9) | ||
Bending strain (%) | 1.33 (0.1) | 1.74 (0.1) | 1.76 (0.06) | ||
CFRP structures [±45]S | |||||
Tensile test (DIN EN ISO 527-4) | |||||
Fibre content (%vol.) | 61 | 35 | 34 | ||
Tensile modulus (GPa) | 4.6 (0.04) | 2.9 (0.03) | 2.7 (0.2) | ||
Tensile strength (MPa) | 62.8 (0.3) | 51.4 (0.8) | 50.2 (1.3) | ||
Compression test (DIN EN ISO 14126) | |||||
Fibre content (%vol.) | 60 | 33 | 33 | ||
Compressive modulus (GPa) | 15.2 (1.0) | 10.6 (0.8) | * | 8.3 (0.5) | |
Compressive strength (MPa) | 160.1 (9.4) | ** | 120 (1.2) | 122 (0.6) | |
Compression (%) | 10.27 (0.51) | 10.87 (0.34) | * | 12.72 (0.02) |
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Klein, L.; Joseph, Y.; Kröger, M. Product Integration of Established Crash Sensors for Safety Applications in Lightweight Vehicles. Sensors 2021, 21, 6994. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21216994
Klein L, Joseph Y, Kröger M. Product Integration of Established Crash Sensors for Safety Applications in Lightweight Vehicles. Sensors. 2021; 21(21):6994. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21216994
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlein, Linda, Yvonne Joseph, and Matthias Kröger. 2021. "Product Integration of Established Crash Sensors for Safety Applications in Lightweight Vehicles" Sensors 21, no. 21: 6994. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21216994