BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels
1
Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
4
Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
5
Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
6
European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2021, 21(2), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020489
Received: 6 December 2020 / Revised: 7 January 2021 / Accepted: 8 January 2021 / Published: 12 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensors)
In this study, a novel approach was developed to quantify endocannabinoids (eCBs), and was based on the liquid biosensor BIONOTE. This device is composed of a probe that can be immersed in a solution, and an electronic interface that can record a current related to the oxy-reductive reactions occurring in the sample. The two most representative members of eCBs have been analysed in vitro by BIONOTE: anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Bovine serum albumin was used to functionalize the probe and improve the sensibility of the whole analytical system. We show that BIONOTE is able to detect both AEA and 2-AG at concentrations in the low nanomolar range, and to discriminate between these eCBs and their moieties arachidonic acid, ethanolamine and glycerol. Notably, BIONOTE distinguished these five different molecules, and it was also able to quantify AEA in human plasma. Although this is just a proof-of-concept study, we suggest BIONOTE as a cheap and user-friendly prototype sensor for high throughput quantitation of eCB content in biological matrices, with an apparent diagnostic potential for tomorrow’s medicine.
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Keywords:
endocannabinoids; liquid biosensor; BIONOTE
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Grasso, S.; Santonico, M.; Pennazza, G.; Zompanti, A.; Piccoli, A.; Bisogno, T.; Maccarrone, M. BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels. Sensors 2021, 21, 489.
AMA Style
Grasso S, Santonico M, Pennazza G, Zompanti A, Piccoli A, Bisogno T, Maccarrone M. BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels. Sensors. 2021; 21(2):489.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrasso, Simone; Santonico, Marco; Pennazza, Giorgio; Zompanti, Alessandro; Piccoli, Alessandra; Bisogno, Tiziana; Maccarrone, Mauro. 2021. "BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels" Sensors 21, no. 2: 489.
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