Experimental Study on the Relationship between the Velocity of Surface Movements and Tilting Rate in Pre-Failure Stage of Rainfall-Induced Landslides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Laboratory Model Tests
2.2. Field Tests
3. Test Results and Discussion
3.1. Results of Model Test 1
3.2. Results of Model Test 2
3.3. Results of Field Test 1
3.4. Results of Field Test 2
4. Discussion
4.1. A Comparison between Landslide Prediction Methods Based on Surface Displacements and Tilting
4.2. Possible Relationship between the Rate of Surface Displacement and Tilting
5. Conclusions
- The results of laboratory and field tests indicate that either the inverse velocity forecasting method or the landslide predicting method using the slope tilting measurement can be applied to evaluate the slope failure time, and the predicted failure time calculated by these two forecasting methods is consistent with the actual slope failure time.
- Linear relations between the tilting rate and displacement rate was observed, and an expression for the linear relations was also proposed, in which the coefficient, , is found to be controlled by the geometry of slope slip surfaces.
- The relationship or similarity between the landslide prediction methods derived from the history of surface displacements and tilting as shown in Equations (2) and (3) was elucidated based on the test results.
- Based on the results in Model Test 1, a possible mechanism for slope surface deformation was proposed, in which the acceleration stage of surface deformation is induced by the reduction of shear resistance along the slip surface.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Xie, J.; Uchimura, T.; Huang, C.; Maqsood, Z.; Tian, J. Experimental Study on the Relationship between the Velocity of Surface Movements and Tilting Rate in Pre-Failure Stage of Rainfall-Induced Landslides. Sensors 2021, 21, 5988. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21185988
Xie J, Uchimura T, Huang C, Maqsood Z, Tian J. Experimental Study on the Relationship between the Velocity of Surface Movements and Tilting Rate in Pre-Failure Stage of Rainfall-Induced Landslides. Sensors. 2021; 21(18):5988. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21185988
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Jiren, Taro Uchimura, Chao Huang, Zain Maqsood, and Jingli Tian. 2021. "Experimental Study on the Relationship between the Velocity of Surface Movements and Tilting Rate in Pre-Failure Stage of Rainfall-Induced Landslides" Sensors 21, no. 18: 5988. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21185988
APA StyleXie, J., Uchimura, T., Huang, C., Maqsood, Z., & Tian, J. (2021). Experimental Study on the Relationship between the Velocity of Surface Movements and Tilting Rate in Pre-Failure Stage of Rainfall-Induced Landslides. Sensors, 21(18), 5988. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21185988