Sensor-Based Gait Retraining Lowers Knee Adduction Moment and Improves Symptoms in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sample Size Estimation
2.3. Participants
2.4. Baseline Measurement
2.4.1. Biomechanical Assessment
2.4.2. Clinical Assessment
2.5. Randomization
2.5.1. Gait Retraining Group
2.5.2. Walking Exercise Group
2.6. Reassessment
2.7. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Primary Outcomes
3.2. Secondary Outcomes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Gait Retraining Group Mean (SD) | Walking Exercise Group Mean (SD) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (male/female) | 15/16 | 14/17 | 0.800 |
Age (year) | 59.1 (7.2) | 61.7 (6.8) | 0.157 |
Body mass (kg) | 62.0 (11.0) | 64.2 (10.6) | 0.342 |
Body height (m) | 1.65 (0.09) | 1.65 (0.08) | 0.940 |
Kellgren & Lawrence grade | 1.000 | ||
Grade I | 15 | 16 | |
Grade II | 16 | 15 | |
Walking speed (m/s) | 1.02 (0.15) | 1.01 (0.14) | 0.793 |
Stance time (s) | 0.711 (0.063) | 0.766 (0.108) | 0.018 |
Baseline biomechanics | |||
FPA (°) | 12.1 (6.1) | 11.3 (4.4) | 0.565 |
KAM1 (%BW*ht) | 2.73 (0.51) | 2.66 (0.40) | 0.548 |
KAM2 (%BW*ht) | 1.98 (0.54) | 2.14 (0.52) | 0.242 |
KFM (%BW*ht) | 3.14 (1.20) | 3.02 (1.15) | 0.694 |
KAAI (%BW*ht*s) | 1.02 (0.28) | 1.16 (0.31) | 0.055 |
Baseline symptoms | |||
VASP (0–10) | 4.3 (2.2) | 4.5 (2.0) | 0.683 |
KOOS | |||
KOOS5 (0–100) | 70.0 (10.3) | 66.1 (15.0) | 0.208 |
Pain (0–100) | 73.1 (7.9) | 72.5 (12.1) | 0.820 |
Symptoms (0–100) | 69.7 (16.2) | 68.1 (20.3) | 0.730 |
ADL (0–100) | 85.4 (8.4) | 81.9 (14.3) | 0.249 |
Sport/Rec (0–100) | 65.2 (17.6) | 62.3 (21.2) | 0.560 |
QOL (0–100) | 54.6 (14.0) | 46.7 (17.2) | 0.055 |
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Wang, S.; Chan, P.P.K.; Lam, B.M.F.; Chan, Z.Y.S.; Zhang, J.H.W.; Wang, C.; Lam, W.K.; Ho, K.K.W.; Chan, R.H.M.; Cheung, R.T.H. Sensor-Based Gait Retraining Lowers Knee Adduction Moment and Improves Symptoms in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sensors 2021, 21, 5596. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165596
Wang S, Chan PPK, Lam BMF, Chan ZYS, Zhang JHW, Wang C, Lam WK, Ho KKW, Chan RHM, Cheung RTH. Sensor-Based Gait Retraining Lowers Knee Adduction Moment and Improves Symptoms in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sensors. 2021; 21(16):5596. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165596
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Sizhong, Peter P. K. Chan, Ben M. F. Lam, Zoe Y. S. Chan, Janet H. W. Zhang, Chao Wang, Wing Kai Lam, Kevin Ki Wai Ho, Rosa H. M. Chan, and Roy T. H. Cheung. 2021. "Sensor-Based Gait Retraining Lowers Knee Adduction Moment and Improves Symptoms in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Sensors 21, no. 16: 5596. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165596
APA StyleWang, S., Chan, P. P. K., Lam, B. M. F., Chan, Z. Y. S., Zhang, J. H. W., Wang, C., Lam, W. K., Ho, K. K. W., Chan, R. H. M., & Cheung, R. T. H. (2021). Sensor-Based Gait Retraining Lowers Knee Adduction Moment and Improves Symptoms in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sensors, 21(16), 5596. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165596