Machine-Learning Classification of a Number of Contaminant Sources in an Urban Water Network
1
Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
2
Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2021, 21(1), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010245
Received: 26 November 2020 / Revised: 24 December 2020 / Accepted: 29 December 2020 / Published: 1 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implementation of Sensors and Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Hazards Assessment in Urban, Agriculture and Forestry Systems)
In the case of a contamination event in water distribution networks, several studies have considered different methods to determine contamination scenario information. It would be greatly beneficial to know the exact number of contaminant injection locations since some methods can only be applied in the case of a single injection location and others have greater efficiency. In this work, the Neural Network and Random Forest classifying algorithms are used to predict the number of contaminant injection locations. The prediction model is trained with data obtained from simulated contamination event scenarios with random injection starting time, duration, concentration value, and the number of injection locations which varies from 1 to 4. Classification is made to determine if single or multiple injection locations occurred, and to predict the exact number of injection locations. Data was obtained for two different benchmark networks, medium-sized network Net3 and large-sized Richmond network. Additionally, an investigation of sensor layouts, demand uncertainty, and fuzzy sensors on model accuracy is conducted. The proposed approach shows excellent accuracy in predicting if single or multiple contaminant injections in a water supply network occurred and good accuracy for the exact number of injection locations.
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Keywords:
water distribution networks; water network contamination; machine learning; random forest; neural network
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lučin, I.; Grbčić, L.; Čarija, Z.; Kranjčević, L. Machine-Learning Classification of a Number of Contaminant Sources in an Urban Water Network. Sensors 2021, 21, 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010245
AMA Style
Lučin I, Grbčić L, Čarija Z, Kranjčević L. Machine-Learning Classification of a Number of Contaminant Sources in an Urban Water Network. Sensors. 2021; 21(1):245. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010245
Chicago/Turabian StyleLučin, Ivana; Grbčić, Luka; Čarija, Zoran; Kranjčević, Lado. 2021. "Machine-Learning Classification of a Number of Contaminant Sources in an Urban Water Network" Sensors 21, no. 1: 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010245
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