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Sensors
Volume 20
Issue 4
10.3390/s20041214
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Article

Detecting Respiratory Pathologies Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Variational Autoencoders for Unbalancing Data

by
María Teresa García-Ordás
1,*,
José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
2,
Isaías García-Rodríguez
1,
Carmen Benavides
2 and
Héctor Alaiz-Moretón
1
1
SECOMUCI Research Groups, Escuela de Ingenierías Industrial e Informática, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, C.P. 24071 León, Spain
2
SALBIS Research Group, Department of Electric, Systems and Automatics Engineering, Universidad de León, Campus of Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2020, 20(4), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041214
Received: 20 January 2020 / Revised: 16 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 February 2020 / Published: 22 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Systems Evaluation for Telemedicine and eHealth)
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Abstract

The aim of this paper was the detection of pathologies through respiratory sounds. The ICBHI (International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics) Benchmark was used. This dataset is composed of 920 sounds of which 810 are of chronic diseases, 75 of non-chronic diseases and only 35 of healthy individuals. As more than 88% of the samples of the dataset are from the same class (Chronic), the use of a Variational Convolutional Autoencoder was proposed to generate new labeled data and other well known oversampling techniques after determining that the dataset classes are unbalanced. Once the preprocessing step was carried out, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used to classify the respiratory sounds into healthy, chronic, and non-chronic disease. In addition, we carried out a more challenging classification trying to distinguish between the different types of pathologies or healthy: URTI, COPD, Bronchiectasis, Pneumonia, and Bronchiolitis. We achieved results up to 0.993 F-Score in the three-label classification and 0.990 F-Score in the more challenging six-class classification. View Full-Text
Keywords: CNN; variational autoencoder; respiratory; lungs; pathologies CNN; variational autoencoder; respiratory; lungs; pathologies
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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MDPI and ACS Style

García-Ordás, M.T.; Benítez-Andrades, J.A.; García-Rodríguez, I.; Benavides, C.; Alaiz-Moretón, H. Detecting Respiratory Pathologies Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Variational Autoencoders for Unbalancing Data. Sensors 2020, 20, 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041214

AMA Style

García-Ordás MT, Benítez-Andrades JA, García-Rodríguez I, Benavides C, Alaiz-Moretón H. Detecting Respiratory Pathologies Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Variational Autoencoders for Unbalancing Data. Sensors. 2020; 20(4):1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041214

Chicago/Turabian Style

García-Ordás, María Teresa, José Alberto Benítez-Andrades, Isaías García-Rodríguez, Carmen Benavides, and Héctor Alaiz-Moretón. 2020. "Detecting Respiratory Pathologies Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Variational Autoencoders for Unbalancing Data" Sensors 20, no. 4: 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041214

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