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Volume 20
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10.3390/s20143905
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Article

Validation of a Wireless Bluetooth Photoplethysmography Sensor Used on the Earlobe for Monitoring Heart Rate Variability Features during a Stress-Inducing Mental Task in Healthy Individuals

by
Bruno Correia
1,2,3,
Nuno Dias
4,5,
Patrício Costa
1,2 and
José Miguel Pêgo
1,2,3,*
1
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
2
ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
3
iCognitus4ALL – IT Solutions, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
4
2Ai-Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Campus do IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal
5
MindProber Labs, 4450-102 Porto, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2020, 20(14), 3905; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143905
Submission received: 1 June 2020 / Revised: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 / Published: 13 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Sensors)
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Abstract

Heart rate variability (HRV), using electrocardiography (ECG), has gained popularity as a biomarker of the stress response. Alternatives to HRV monitoring, like photoplethysmography (PPG), are being explored as cheaper and unobtrusive non-invasive technologies. We report a new wireless PPG sensor that was tested in detecting changes in HRV, elicited by a mentally stressful task, and to determine if its signal can be used as a surrogate of ECG for HRV analysis. Data were collected simultaneously from volunteers using a PPG and ECG sensor, during a resting and a mentally stressful task. HRV metrics were extracted from these signals and compared to determine the agreement between them and to determine if any changes occurred in the metrics due to the stressful task. For both tasks, a moderate/good agreement was found in the mean interbeat intervals, SDNN, LF, and SD2, and a poor agreement for the pNN50, RMSSD|SD1, and HF metrics. The majority of the tested HRV metrics obtained from the PPG signal showed a significant decrease caused by the mental task. The disagreement found between specific HRV features imposes caution when comparing metrics from different technologies. Nevertheless, the tested sensor was successful at detecting changes in the HRV caused by a mental stressor.
Keywords: heart rate variability; pulse rate variability; photoplethysmography; heart rate signal; inter-beat intervals; James One; Polar H10; wearable devices heart rate variability; pulse rate variability; photoplethysmography; heart rate signal; inter-beat intervals; James One; Polar H10; wearable devices

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MDPI and ACS Style

Correia, B.; Dias, N.; Costa, P.; Pêgo, J.M. Validation of a Wireless Bluetooth Photoplethysmography Sensor Used on the Earlobe for Monitoring Heart Rate Variability Features during a Stress-Inducing Mental Task in Healthy Individuals. Sensors 2020, 20, 3905. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143905

AMA Style

Correia B, Dias N, Costa P, Pêgo JM. Validation of a Wireless Bluetooth Photoplethysmography Sensor Used on the Earlobe for Monitoring Heart Rate Variability Features during a Stress-Inducing Mental Task in Healthy Individuals. Sensors. 2020; 20(14):3905. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143905

Chicago/Turabian Style

Correia, Bruno, Nuno Dias, Patrício Costa, and José Miguel Pêgo. 2020. "Validation of a Wireless Bluetooth Photoplethysmography Sensor Used on the Earlobe for Monitoring Heart Rate Variability Features during a Stress-Inducing Mental Task in Healthy Individuals" Sensors 20, no. 14: 3905. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143905

APA Style

Correia, B., Dias, N., Costa, P., & Pêgo, J. M. (2020). Validation of a Wireless Bluetooth Photoplethysmography Sensor Used on the Earlobe for Monitoring Heart Rate Variability Features during a Stress-Inducing Mental Task in Healthy Individuals. Sensors, 20(14), 3905. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143905

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