Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant

Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 76311-33131, Iran

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

⁴

Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam

⁵

Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam

⁶

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam

⁷

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea

⁸

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sensors 2020, 20(13), 3675; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133675

Received: 29 April 2020 / Revised: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 / Published: 30 June 2020

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Materials)

View Full-Text Download PDF

Browse Figures

Citation Export

Abstract

Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its metabolites are contaminants in water. They have exerted an adverse influence on living organisms through their migration and transformation in various forms of adsorption, photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation followed by the formation of various active compounds in the environment. Hence, it is crucial to determine VEN with low concentrations in high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Some analytical techniques have been practically designed to quantify VEN. However, electroanalytical procedures have been of interest due to the superior advantages in comparison to conventional techniques, because such methods feature rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Therefore, this mini-review aims to present the electrochemical determination of VEN with diverse electrodes, such as carbon paste electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, mercury-based electrodes, screen-printed electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes, and ion-selective electrodes. View Full-Text

Keywords: venlafaxine; modified electrode; voltammetry; electrochemical sensor

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Tajik, S.; Beitollahi, H.; Dourandish, Z.; Zhang, K.; Le, Q.V.; Nguyen, T.P.; Kim, S.Y.; Shokouhimehr, M. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant. Sensors 2020, 20, 3675. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133675

AMA Style

Tajik S, Beitollahi H, Dourandish Z, Zhang K, Le QV, Nguyen TP, Kim SY, Shokouhimehr M. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant. Sensors. 2020; 20(13):3675. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133675

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tajik, Somayeh, Hadi Beitollahi, Zahra Dourandish, Kaiqiang Zhang, Quyet V. Le, Thang P. Nguyen, Soo Y. Kim, and Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr. 2020. "Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant" Sensors 20, no. 13: 3675. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133675

Find Other Styles

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Menu

Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI