PDMAC: A Priority-Based Enhanced TDMA Protocol for Warning Message Dissemination in VANETs
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Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Pakistan
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Faculty of Electrical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Pakistan
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Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Lab, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Pakistan
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Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Laboratoire de Traitement et Transport de l’Information Lab (L2TI), Institut Galilée, University of Paris 13, 99 Av J-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
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Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2020, 20(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010045
Received: 9 November 2019
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Revised: 11 December 2019
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Accepted: 17 December 2019
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Published: 19 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the key enabling technology for intelligent transportation systems. Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is the de facto media access standard for inter-vehicular communications, but its performance degrades in high-density networks. Time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based protocols fill this gap to a certain extent, but encounter inefficient clock synchronization and lack of prioritized message delivery. Therefore, we propose a priority-based direction-aware media access control (PDMAC) as a novel protocol for intra-cluster and inter-cluster clock synchronization. Furthermore, PDMAC pioneers a three-tier priority assignment technique to enhance warning messages delivery by taking into account the direction component, message type, and severity level on each tier. Analytical and simulation results validate the improved performance of PDMAC in terms of clock synchronization, channel utilization, message loss rate, end-to-end delays, and network throughput, as compared with eminent VANET MAC protocols.
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Keywords:
clock synchronization; media access control protocol; time-division multiple access; vehicular ad hoc networks; warning message dissemination
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MDPI and ACS Style
Abbas, G.; Abbas, Z.H.; Haider, S.; Baker, T.; Boudjit, S.; Muhammad, F. PDMAC: A Priority-Based Enhanced TDMA Protocol for Warning Message Dissemination in VANETs. Sensors 2020, 20, 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010045
AMA Style
Abbas G, Abbas ZH, Haider S, Baker T, Boudjit S, Muhammad F. PDMAC: A Priority-Based Enhanced TDMA Protocol for Warning Message Dissemination in VANETs. Sensors. 2020; 20(1):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010045
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbas, Ghulam, Ziaul H. Abbas, Shahab Haider, Thar Baker, Saadi Boudjit, and Fazal Muhammad. 2020. "PDMAC: A Priority-Based Enhanced TDMA Protocol for Warning Message Dissemination in VANETs" Sensors 20, no. 1: 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010045
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