MD-MAC: A Distributed TDMA Protocol Based on Desynchronization for Multi-Hop Topologies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The protocol we design is a totally distributed protocol, which does not rely on the prior knowledge of nodes(for instance, the busy time slots or the whole topology), and requires neither central node to negotiate or the global information.
- Solving the problem of stale information, namely communication delay between each node, which makes the DESYNC process feasible in multi-hop networks.
- A collision detection scheme is proposed, which can avoid collisions caused by topology change or multiple network mergence after the network converge.
2. System Model and Problem Definition
2.1. Desynchronization Process
2.2. MD-MAC System Model
3. Algorithm Description
The Process of MD-MAC
- and are one-hop neighbors of :In this case, the same as the Desync-MAC protocol. Whatever the time stamp is, adjusts its phase to the midpoint of and while of the after node is equal to 1, which means that has stored the current information of its neighbors.
- Either of or is one-hop neighbor of in the topology, and another is two-hop:In this case, only if phase of ’s one-hop neighbor is to 1 and its time stamp is equal to the two-hop node or , starts to adjust.
- Both of and are two-hop neighbor of :In this case, the rule is that starts to adjust only when the phase of minimum node of ’s on-hop neighbor is set to 1 and both of neighbors’ time stamp and are equal to .
Algorithm 1 The Process of MD-MAC. |
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4. Implementation Issues
4.1. Stability of the Desynchronization Process
4.2. Self-Adaptation of MD-MAC
4.2.1. One-Hop Collision
4.2.2. Two-Hop Collision
5. Evaluation
5.1. Example of the MD-MAC Operation
5.2. Convergence Speed
5.3. Throughput
5.4. Convergence Speed of Collision Avoidance
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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link capacity | 2 Mbps |
Broadcast Range | 60–120 m |
Transmission power | 1–2 mW |
Range of neighbor nodes | [2, 20] |
Number of nodes | [20, 200] |
Average transfer delay | 0.5 ms |
The number of minimum slot | 100 |
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Zheng, C.; Huang, S.; Wei, J.; Dong, Q. MD-MAC: A Distributed TDMA Protocol Based on Desynchronization for Multi-Hop Topologies. Sensors 2019, 19, 5102. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235102
Zheng C, Huang S, Wei J, Dong Q. MD-MAC: A Distributed TDMA Protocol Based on Desynchronization for Multi-Hop Topologies. Sensors. 2019; 19(23):5102. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235102
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Chaoyi, Shengchun Huang, Jibo Wei, and Qiangjian Dong. 2019. "MD-MAC: A Distributed TDMA Protocol Based on Desynchronization for Multi-Hop Topologies" Sensors 19, no. 23: 5102. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235102
APA StyleZheng, C., Huang, S., Wei, J., & Dong, Q. (2019). MD-MAC: A Distributed TDMA Protocol Based on Desynchronization for Multi-Hop Topologies. Sensors, 19(23), 5102. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235102