A Self-Organized Reciprocal Decision Approach for Sensing Coverage with Multi-UAV Swarms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Basic Idea
3. Reciprocal Decision Approach
3.1. Two-UAV Cooperative Coverage
3.2. Multi-UAV Swarm Coverage
3.3. Collision-Free Constrains
3.3.1. Collision Avoidance between UAVs
3.3.2. Avoiding Collision with Obstacles
Static Obstacle
Dynamic Obstacle
4. Optimal Velocity Decision
4.1. Random Probability Method
4.2. Optimum Available
Algorithm 1. Random Probability Exploration of the Optimal Velocity . |
Input: UAV maximal velocity , constrains of neighbor UAVs Output: The optimal velocity decision 1: Computational Rectangle Domain: 2: Random Velocity: 3: Set the Accuracy: 4: Initialization: , , 5: while do 6: if then 7: if then 8: 9: 10: end if 11: end if 12: 13: end while 14: Output The optimal velocity has been explored. 15: return. |
4.3. Vacant Optimal Velocity Space
Algorithm 2. Lounger strategy. |
Input: UAV A maximal velocity , constrains of neighbor UAVs Output: The optimal velocity decision Process 1~13 is same as Algorithm 1 14: if 15: Output Adopt idle velocity. 16: end if 17: return. |
4.4. Numerical Test
4.4.1. Available Set
4.4.2. Null Set
5. Simulation and Results
5.1. Small-Scale
5.2. Large-Scale
5.3. Robotic Operation System (ROS) Simulation
6. Conclusions and Future Work
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symbol | Description |
---|---|
The optimal velocity decision. | |
The permitted region with unknown shape. | |
Centered at , the length of edge is twice that of . | |
Random velocity in the set of . | |
The center of the set of in Euclidean Space. | |
The velocity of | |
NUM(S) | The number of point in the set of S. |
Parameter | Value | Description |
---|---|---|
simulation step size | ||
algorithm terminated value | ||
, | , | length of square region , |
, | , | number of UAVs |
maximum velocity of UAVs | ||
, , | , , | radius of UAVs’ shape, sensor and communication |
, | , | maximum considered neighbor and distance |
Method | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Ave Time (ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
RD | 10.857 | 20.280 | 13.266 | 14.807 |
V-Based | 591.148 | 605.856 | 632.880 | 609.961 |
VFA | 36.749 | 48.072 | 43.573 | 42.798 |
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Chen, R.; Xu, N.; Li, J. A Self-Organized Reciprocal Decision Approach for Sensing Coverage with Multi-UAV Swarms. Sensors 2018, 18, 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061864
Chen R, Xu N, Li J. A Self-Organized Reciprocal Decision Approach for Sensing Coverage with Multi-UAV Swarms. Sensors. 2018; 18(6):1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061864
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Runfeng, Ning Xu, and Jie Li. 2018. "A Self-Organized Reciprocal Decision Approach for Sensing Coverage with Multi-UAV Swarms" Sensors 18, no. 6: 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061864
APA StyleChen, R., Xu, N., & Li, J. (2018). A Self-Organized Reciprocal Decision Approach for Sensing Coverage with Multi-UAV Swarms. Sensors, 18(6), 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061864