A characteristic of noise radars is the use of random or pseudorandom signals for probing purposes [
1]. Until relatively recently, the design of noise radars was hindered by serious practical problems. Due to the absence of sufficiently fast computing platforms, the receivers of this type of radar were mainly constructed with the use of analogue solutions [
2,
3]. Currently, owing to the increasing availability of specialized high-performance processors and general-purpose platforms such as FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays) and due to the availability of fast high-resolution analogue-to-digital converters, it has become possible to build noise radars equipped with digital receivers designed for various applications. The subject literature includes research on the use of noise radars in ultra-wideband SAR/ISAR (synthetic aperture radar/inverse synthetic aperture radar) systems [
4], to conduct Doppler measurements [
5], in anti-collision systems, in polarimetric measurements to detect objects hidden underground [
6], and to detect micrometric distance changes, heartbeat, or chest movements in living organisms [
3,
7]. The use of signal processors with range-Doppler detection for real-time signal processing has increased the functionality of noise radars. The correlation of transmitted and received signals in the baseband can be performed simultaneously in multiple range cells, owing to the application of different reference signal delays in the signal processor. However, compared to the computational requirements of pulse-Doppler radar, noise radar still requires considerably more computational power in order to detect an object. An additional problem is a phenomenon characteristic of continuous-wave noise radars—weak reflections from distant objects masked by strong signals coming from objects near the radar. A noise radar with a continuous wave receives both weak and strong signals simultaneously. The receiver dynamic range is connected with the following phenomena: dynamic range related to target RCS (radar cross section) and dynamic range related to a distance. For instance, for a battlefield radar, the RCS of a human may be 0.5 m
2, while the RCS of the ground is 1000 m
2. Therefore, the dynamic range dependent on RCS changes is 33 dB. The dynamic range related to distance is based on the law that a reflected signal’s power reduces with the fourth power of distance. For example, for the shortest (10 m) to the longest (1000 m) distance ratio, the dynamic range is 80 dB. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a very high reception path with a dynamic range equal to or exceeding 100 dB. An optimal receiver for this type of signal is a correlation receiver. A correlation receiver not only deals with the noise of the receiver’s electronic circuits and components, but also with the noise occurring as a correlation function of noise signals, which is the so-called noise floor. The RMS (root mean square) of the noise signal’s correlation function estimator is not reduced to zero with a higher distance. Therefore, it is transferred to all other distance cells. This results in the emergence of an additional (apart from the self-noise of components and circuits) interference noise source that limits the receiver sensitivity. Recently, a number of studies presenting research reducing clutter with algorithmic methods in the digital correlation processing of noise signals have been published [
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13]. This paper discusses the mutual signal power relations in an actual noise radar solution with a range-Doppler digital correlator. This research allows us to determine an achievable limit level of SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) at the output of the correlation detector depending on the SNR at its input for band-limited white noise signals without the use of algorithmic signal processing techniques to reduce the noise floor. The considerations presented in the study concern various noise signals with the same probabilistic characteristics. The signal coming from the analyzed target and the signals coming from other targets, leakage signals, and ground-reflected signals are noise signals with zero mean value and Gaussian distribution of probability density. For this reason, a classic approach to radar system parameters such as receiver sensitivity, SNR, or detection gain requires determination of the signal and the noise in a noise radar both at the input and at the output of the correlation detector. The specific nature of continuous-wave noise radars is that both the power of the noise signal received from the target and the power of the interfering signals depends on the radar transmitter signal power. One exception is the receiver self-noise. The studies which are presented in this paper focus on discovering the causes of the “noise floor” occurrence in the correlative detector output signal. The conducted measurements prove the theoretical considerations, which were sufficiently described in the work of Axelsson [
14]. This paper analyzes a more complex case in which, while referring to Reference [
14], an interfering signal σ
z consists of a signal of internal leakage, antenna leakage, and other signals received by an antenna (e.g., signals reflected from the ground). There is also a reference signal σ
2ref that is not required to be equal to a received signal σ
2x as it is in Reference [
14].