Calibrating the Severity of Forest Defoliation by Pine Processionary Moth with Landsat and UAV Imagery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Field Data
2.3. Landsat Images and Vegetation Indices
2.4. Visual Interpretation with UAV Images
2.5. Regression Analysis and Threshold Classification
2.6. Classification Accuracy
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index | Acronym | Formula | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Middle Infrared Wavelengths | MID | Band 6 + Band 7 | [28] |
Moisture Stress Index | MSI | [29] | |
Normalized Difference Moisture Index | NDMI | [30] | |
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index | NDVI | [31] | |
Normalized Burn Ratio | NBR | [32] |
Severity | Defoliation (%) | Number of Samples |
---|---|---|
Nil | 0–5 | 10 |
Low | 10–30 | 23 |
Medium | 35–65 | 8 |
High | 70–100 | 9 |
Index | Equation | R2 (McFadden’s) |
---|---|---|
dMID | 0.740 | |
dMSI | 0.815 | |
dNDMI | 0.749 | |
dNDVI | 0.787 | |
dNBR | 0.776 |
Index | Defoliation (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
10 | 35 | 70 | |
dMID | −222 | −599 | −949 |
dMSI | −125 | −295 | −453 |
dNDMI | 963 | 2081 | 3121 |
dNDVI | 743 | 1636 | 2466 |
dNBR | 1034 | 2172 | 3229 |
Class | Predicted (Landsat 8) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nil | Low | Medium | High | Total | Producer’s Accuracy | ||
Observed (UAV) | Nil | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0.90 |
Low | 2 | 17 | 4 | 0 | 23 | 0.74 | |
Medium | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 0.50 | |
High | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 0.67 | |
Total | 11 | 21 | 11 | 7 | 50 | ||
User’s Accuracy | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.36 | 0.86 | 0.72 |
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Otsu, K.; Pla, M.; Vayreda, J.; Brotons, L. Calibrating the Severity of Forest Defoliation by Pine Processionary Moth with Landsat and UAV Imagery. Sensors 2018, 18, 3278. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103278
Otsu K, Pla M, Vayreda J, Brotons L. Calibrating the Severity of Forest Defoliation by Pine Processionary Moth with Landsat and UAV Imagery. Sensors. 2018; 18(10):3278. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103278
Chicago/Turabian StyleOtsu, Kaori, Magda Pla, Jordi Vayreda, and Lluís Brotons. 2018. "Calibrating the Severity of Forest Defoliation by Pine Processionary Moth with Landsat and UAV Imagery" Sensors 18, no. 10: 3278. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103278