Spatial Scale Gap Filling Using an Unmanned Aerial System: A Statistical Downscaling Method for Applications in Precision Agriculture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. AggieAir and Landsat
2.3. Landsat and AggieAir Reflectance Homogenization
2.4. Downscaling Individual Spectral Bands
2.5. Developing Agricultural Variables
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Downscaled Spectral Bands
3.2. Remotely-Sensed Agricultural Variables Derived from Downscaled Bands
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Spectral Band | Downscaling Level | Including in the Training Set | RMSE | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 June 2013 | 9 June 2013 | 17 June 2013 | |||
Improvement Ratio | Improvement Ratio | Improvement Ratio | |||
Red | 2 | YES | 14% | 16% | 15% |
NO | 8% | 11% | 10% | ||
4 | YES | 25% | 27% | 24% | |
NO | 17% | 20% | 13% | ||
Green | 2 | YES | 14% | 13% | 15% |
NO | 7% | 8% | 15% | ||
4 | YES | 25% | 26% | 23% | |
NO | 13% | 15% | 10% | ||
Blue | 2 | YES | 13% | 15% | 12% |
NO | 5% | 8% | 5% | ||
4 | YES | 23% | 29% | 20% | |
NO | 9% | 14% | 9% | ||
NIR | 2 | YES | 13% | 20% | 16% |
NO | 5% | 10% | 6% | ||
4 | YES | 14% | 23% | 5% | |
NO | 6% | 14% | 2% | ||
Thermal | 2 | YES | 9% | 7% | 6% |
NO | 1% | 1% | 2% | ||
4 | YES | 0.12% | 0.16% | 0.16% | |
NO | 0.07% | 0.09% | 0.06% |
Agricultural Product | Downscaling Level | Including in the Training Set | RMSE | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 June 2013 | 9 June 2013 | 17 June 2013 | |||
Improvement Ratio | Improvement Ratio | Improvement Ratio | |||
NDVI | 2 | YES | 10% | 15% | 12% |
NO | 5% | 11% | 12% | ||
4 | YES | 10% | 11% | 8% | |
NO | 7% | 7% | 6% | ||
SSM | 2 | YES | 1.81% | 1.67% | 1.54% |
NO | 1.32% | 1.42% | 1.43% | ||
4 | YES | 1.49% | 1.14% | 1.78% | |
NO | 1.23% | 1.12% | 1.08% |
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Hassan-Esfahani, L.; Ebtehaj, A.M.; Torres-Rua, A.; McKee, M. Spatial Scale Gap Filling Using an Unmanned Aerial System: A Statistical Downscaling Method for Applications in Precision Agriculture. Sensors 2017, 17, 2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092106
Hassan-Esfahani L, Ebtehaj AM, Torres-Rua A, McKee M. Spatial Scale Gap Filling Using an Unmanned Aerial System: A Statistical Downscaling Method for Applications in Precision Agriculture. Sensors. 2017; 17(9):2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092106
Chicago/Turabian StyleHassan-Esfahani, Leila, Ardeshir M. Ebtehaj, Alfonso Torres-Rua, and Mac McKee. 2017. "Spatial Scale Gap Filling Using an Unmanned Aerial System: A Statistical Downscaling Method for Applications in Precision Agriculture" Sensors 17, no. 9: 2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092106