The Smartphone-Based Offline Indoor Location Competition at IPIN 2016: Analysis and Future Work
by
Joaquín Torres-Sospedra 1,*
, 
Antonio R. Jiménez 2, Stefan Knauth 3, Adriano Moreira 4, Yair Beer 5, Toni Fetzer 6, Viet-Cuong Ta 7, Raul Montoliu 1, Fernando Seco 2, Germán M. Mendoza-Silva 1, Oscar Belmonte 1, Athanasios Koukofikis 3, Maria João Nicolau 4, António Costa 4, Filipe Meneses 8, Frank Ebner 6, Frank Deinzer 6, Dominique Vaufreydaz 9, Trung-Kien Dao 7 and Eric Castelli 7
Joaquín Torres-Sospedra 1,*, Antonio R. Jiménez 2, Stefan Knauth 3, Adriano Moreira 4, Yair Beer 5, Toni Fetzer 6, Viet-Cuong Ta 7, Raul Montoliu 1, Fernando Seco 2, Germán M. Mendoza-Silva 1, Oscar Belmonte 1, Athanasios Koukofikis 3, Maria João Nicolau 4, António Costa 4, Filipe Meneses 8, Frank Ebner 6, Frank Deinzer 6, Dominique Vaufreydaz 9, Trung-Kien Dao 7 and Eric Castelli 7
1
Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
2
Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), CSIC-UPM, 28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain
3
Faculty for Geomatics, Computer Science and Mathematics, HFT Stuttgart—University of Applied Sciences, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
4
Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
5
BlockDox, 129 Finchley Road, NW3 6HY London, UK
6
Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
7
MICA Institute (HUST-CNRS/UMI2954-Grenoble INP), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
8
Centro de Computação Gráfica (CCG), 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
9
Pervasive Interaction/LIG, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inria, LIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Vittorio M. N. Passaro
Sensors 2017, 17(3), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030557
Received: 7 February 2017 / Revised: 6 March 2017 / Accepted: 7 March 2017 / Published: 10 March 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smartphone-based Pedestrian Localization and Navigation)
This paper presents the analysis and discussion of the off-site localization competition track, which took place during the Seventh International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN 2016). Five international teams proposed different strategies for smartphone-based indoor positioning using the same reference data. The competitors were provided with several smartphone-collected signal datasets, some of which were used for training (known trajectories), and others for evaluating (unknown trajectories). The competition permits a coherent evaluation method of the competitors’ estimations, where inside information to fine-tune their systems is not offered, and thus provides, in our opinion, a good starting point to introduce a fair comparison between the smartphone-based systems found in the literature. The methodology, experience, feedback from competitors and future working lines are described.
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Keywords:
indoor localization technology; indoor navigation; smartphone applications; evaluation and benchmarking
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MDPI and ACS Style
Torres-Sospedra, J.; Jiménez, A.R.; Knauth, S.; Moreira, A.; Beer, Y.; Fetzer, T.; Ta, V.-C.; Montoliu, R.; Seco, F.; Mendoza-Silva, G.M.; Belmonte, O.; Koukofikis, A.; Nicolau, M.J.; Costa, A.; Meneses, F.; Ebner, F.; Deinzer, F.; Vaufreydaz, D.; Dao, T.-K.; Castelli, E. The Smartphone-Based Offline Indoor Location Competition at IPIN 2016: Analysis and Future Work. Sensors 2017, 17, 557.
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