Development of a Plug-and-Play Monitoring System for Cabled Observatories in the East China Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Architecture Design for ESOMS
2.1. Control Model Derived Architecture
2.2. Operational Information Flow
3. Plug-and-Play Implementation of ESOMS
3.1. Plug-and-Play Solution
3.2. GOE Control Method
3.2.1. GJB for Interfacing and Networking Sensors
3.2.2. OSML for Modeling and Controlling Sensors
3.2.3. Function Node for Remote Communication
3.3. System Optimization
3.3.1. Communication Optimization
3.3.2. Power System Optimization
3.3.3. Centralized Management for in Situ Sensors
4. A Case Study for Using ESOMS
4.1. Experimental Scenario: Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory
Sensor | Original Observatory | Upgrade Observatory |
---|---|---|
Video | √ | √ |
CO2 | × | √ |
OBS | × | √ |
CTD | √ | √ |
Turbidity | √ | √ |
Underwater CO2 | × | √ |
PH | × | √ |
Tide and Wave | × | √ |
ADCP | √ | √ |
Imaging Sonar | × | √ |
Magnetometer | × | √ |
4.2. Prototype System Test: Processes and Results
- (a)
- The remote monitoring module of ESOMS was implemented to dynamically receive and store all the in situ data, on-line monitor the Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory, autonomously interpret raw data for event detection and response, and remotely control undersea observation equipment.
- (b)
- The information management module of ESOMS was implemented to dynamically manage (add, delete or edit) and refresh these three types of sensor information (seen in Figure 5) for remote monitoring in the Main Interface, and synchronously update the changes in the database.
- (c)
- The information retrieval module of ESOMS was implemented (seen in Figure 5) to enable operators to know all the information related to deployed sensors in the cabled observatory, and provide statistical information distribution.
- (d)
- The system management module of ESOMS was implemented to configure the refresh rate for data display containers like System Message Area and Real-time Response Area while executing remote control operations, and to query and browse historical operations in ESOMS.
- (e)
- The user management module of ESOMS was implemented to enhance the system security through 3 layers filtering: (i) invalidated users were not allowed to use the monitoring system; (ii) every registered user was assigned different levels of management authority to perform operations in ESOMS (gray menu in the Main Interface was currently unavailable); (iii) ESOMS automatically recorded any operation any user performed in the log file, defining responsibility to some extent.
4.3. System Performance and Initial Outcome
- (1)
- All data collected from the Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory were received, interpreted and stored in a real-time way. Science data were reliably associated with metadata and performed a data quality control.
- (2)
- All facilities within the Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory and various marine environment parameters were on-line monitored, and the deployed sensors were controllable from shore-based platforms. Operators on shore can interactively modify data acquisition schedules and other working parameters for the observatory sensor network, and can remotely diagnose the cabled observatory.
- (3)
- ESOMS was able to autonomously detect events of interest and quickly respond to them. Some events of interest may occur when operators were not actively examining the data stream for events (e.g., late at night), and thus demanded that ESOMS can automatically detect these events in the instrument data streams and respond with predefined remote control capabilities. This feature enabled adaptive in situ experiments and obtained more scientific outcomes.
- (4)
- The Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory was able to support oceanographic instrumentation for shallow water trial, including commercial sensors and customized ones. The process of adding/removing observation nodes and sensors from the deployed system was simple, robust and scalable to the cabled observatory when demands emerged for carrying out more experimental tasks under sea.
- (5)
- The ESOMS architecture enabled interaction with other kinds of devices and systems, such as autonomous underwater vehicles and different kinds of moorings or cable-shore systems.
5. Discussion and Conclusions
- (1)
- A control model for an ocean observatory sensor network. The model was information oriented and was logically structured into four layers functioning in a standardized way. The model contributed to both vertical and horizontal integration of the ocean observatory sensor network, based on which different monitoring architectures and deployment strategies can be derived.
- (2)
- A monitoring architecture for cabled observatories in the East China Sea. The architecture contained three components and enabled bidirectional information flow of observation data and control commands. The architecture contributed to a system level of plug and play mode for in situ sensors in the observatories, based on which components were related to model layers and designed for plug-and-play enablement.
- (3)
- A GOE Control Method for the plug-and-play implementation of ESOMS. The method mainly actualized two processes, one of which was that the in situ GJB interfaced and represented every attached sensor as a Sensing Endpoint in the cabled observatory network. The other process was that the remote ESOMS utilized the same IP/Port related information modeled by OSML to create/operate a Function Node acted as agent of the in situ sensor. The method laid the foundation for the standardization of sensor communication and control at the system level, based on which ESOMS demanded no additional design for controlling new added sensors in the cabled observatories.
- (4)
- A case study for the test and application of ESOMS. Experimental scenario was made for the Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory and a series of operational processes were tested. ESOMS presented satisfactory performance against all the functional requirements laid for the project, based on which some initial outcomes of data application were obtained.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yu, Y.; Xu, H.; Xu, C. Development of a Plug-and-Play Monitoring System for Cabled Observatories in the East China Sea. Sensors 2015, 15, 17926-17943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150817926
Yu Y, Xu H, Xu C. Development of a Plug-and-Play Monitoring System for Cabled Observatories in the East China Sea. Sensors. 2015; 15(8):17926-17943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150817926
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yang, Huiping Xu, and Changwei Xu. 2015. "Development of a Plug-and-Play Monitoring System for Cabled Observatories in the East China Sea" Sensors 15, no. 8: 17926-17943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150817926
APA StyleYu, Y., Xu, H., & Xu, C. (2015). Development of a Plug-and-Play Monitoring System for Cabled Observatories in the East China Sea. Sensors, 15(8), 17926-17943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150817926