Manganese(III) Porphyrin-based Potentiometric Sensors for Diclofenac Assay in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
Reagents
Membrane preparation and electrode construction
Apparatus and electrodes
Sample preparation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Potentiometric Measurements
3.2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
3.3. Analytical Applications
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Sensor | Ionophore (1) | Ionophore (2) | Plasticizer | PVC | NaTPB* | TDMACl* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DOP | DOS | o-NPOE | ||||||
A | 1 | - | 66 | - | - | 33 | - | - |
B | 1 | - | 66 | - | - | 33 | - | 20 |
C | 1 | - | 66 | - | - | 33 | 20 | - |
D | 1 | - | 66 | - | - | 33 | 40 | - |
E | 1 | - | - | 66 | - | 33 | 20 | - |
F | 1 | - | - | - | 66 | 33 | 20 | - |
G | - | 1 | 66 | - | - | 33 | - | - |
H | - | 1 | 66 | - | - | 33 | 20 | - |
I | - | 1 | 66 | - | - | 33 | - | 20 |
J | Sol–gel | - |
Electrode | Linear concentration range (M) | Detection limit (μM) | Slope (mV/dec) |
---|---|---|---|
A | 1 × 10−5–1 × 10−2 | 5 | −52.3 ± 0.8 |
B | 1 × 10−5–5 × 10−2 | 5 | −80.1 ± 1.2 |
C | 3 × 10−6–1 × 10−2 | 1.5 | −59.7 ± 0.6 |
D | 5 × 10−5–1 × 10−2 | 30 | −65.5 ± 0.8 |
E | 1 × 10−5–1 × 10−2 | 8 | −50.4 ± 0.5 |
F | 5 × 10−6–1 × 10−2 | 3 | −60.2 ± 0.9 |
G | 5 × 10−4–1 × 10−2 | 400 | −81.1 ± 1.1 |
H | 3 × 10−4–1 × 10−2 | 200 | −85.3 ± 1.2 |
I | 1 × 10−4–1 × 10−2 | 150 | −77.4 ± 0.9 |
J | 5 × 104–1 × 10−2 | 350 | −62.3 ± 0.7 |
Interfering ion (X−) | Present research | Ref.[14] | Ref.[15] | Ref.[16] | Ref. [17] | Ref.[18] | Ref [19] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetate | −2.00 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | −2.9 | - | −2.45 |
Phosphate | −4.15 ± 0.05 | - | −3.8 | - | - | - | −3.50 |
Nitrite | −2.31 ± 0.03 | - | −3.2 | - | - | - | −2.05 |
Benzoate | −2.38 ± 0.02 | −2.40 | −3.3 | - | −5.0 | −2.75 | |
Tartrate | −2.43 ± 0.03 | - | −3.6 | - | −2.1 | - | −4.40 |
Borate | −3.64 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | −2.40 |
Thiocyanate | −1.36 ± 0.01 | - | −3.5 | - | −1.42 | - | −0.90 |
Glycine | −2.43 ± 0.02 | - | - | −2.6 | - | −5.1 | - |
Iodide | −2.29 ± 0.03 | - | −2.9 | - | - | −4.3 | - |
Metabisulphite | −3.90 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - | −2.50 |
Chloride | −2.54 ± 0.01 | - | −2.3 | −2.6 | −0.36 | −4.7 | −2.60 |
Lactate | −2.48 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Citrate | −4.14 ± 0.07 | - | −3.8 | - | - | - | −3.45 |
Nitrate | −2.58 ± 0.04 | −2.50 | −2.0 | −2.3 | - | −4.5 | −2.30 |
Glucose | −2.52 ± 0.01 | - | −3.2 | −2.8 | - | −4.9 | - |
Salicylate | −1.90 ± 0.01 | −1.00 | −2.7 | - | −2.0 | −4.7 | −0.95 |
Sulphate | −4.18 ± 0.05 | - | −3.0 | - | −3.9 | - | −3.70 |
Reference no. | Linear concentration range (M) | Detection limit (M) | pH range | Slope (mV/dec) |
---|---|---|---|---|
[14] | 5 × 10−5–5×10−2 | 2.5 × 10−5 | 6−11 | −59 ± 1 |
[15] | 9 × 10−6–1×10−2 | 5.4 × 10−6 | 5.5−9 | −61 ± 1 |
[16] | 1 × 10−5–1×10−2 | 4.0 × 10−6 | 6–9 | −59 ± 1 |
[17] | 5 × 10−5–1×10−2 | 3.2 × 10−5 | 6.5–9 | −58.1 ± 0.8 |
[18] | 1 × 10−5–5×10−2 | 5.0 × 10−6 | 2.4–7.5; 8.5−11.6 | −60 ± 1 |
[19] | 5 × 10−5–1×10−2 | 2.0 × 10−5 | 8.8−12.8 | −59.8 ± 0.3 |
Present research | 3 × 10−6–1×10−2 | 1.5 × 10−6 | 5.5−11.5 | −59.7 ± 0.6 |
Sample | Label amount (mg) | Found by potentiometry (mg) | Found by HPLC (mg) | Relative error (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diclofenac | 50.0/tablet | 49.6 ± 0.7 | 49.2 ± 0.4 | +0.8 |
Diclotard | 100.0/tablet | 109.6 ± 1.3 | 108.4 ± 1.2 | +1.1 |
Refen retard | 100.0/tablet | 105.9 ± 1.1 | 107.2 ± 0.9 | −1.2 |
Voltaren | 75.0/ampoule of 3 mL | 79.2 ± 0.9 | 78.3 ± 0.8 | +1.1 |
Refen | 75.0/ampoule of 3 mL | 74.0 ± 0.8 | 73.3 ± 0.6 | +0.9 |
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Vlascici, D.; Pruneanu, S.; Olenic, L.; Pogacean, F.; Ostafe, V.; Chiriac, V.; Pica, E.M.; Bolundut, L.C.; Nica, L.; Fagadar-Cosma, E. Manganese(III) Porphyrin-based Potentiometric Sensors for Diclofenac Assay in Pharmaceutical Preparations. Sensors 2010, 10, 8850-8864. https://doi.org/10.3390/s101008850
Vlascici D, Pruneanu S, Olenic L, Pogacean F, Ostafe V, Chiriac V, Pica EM, Bolundut LC, Nica L, Fagadar-Cosma E. Manganese(III) Porphyrin-based Potentiometric Sensors for Diclofenac Assay in Pharmaceutical Preparations. Sensors. 2010; 10(10):8850-8864. https://doi.org/10.3390/s101008850
Chicago/Turabian StyleVlascici, Dana, Stela Pruneanu, Liliana Olenic, Florina Pogacean, Vasile Ostafe, Vlad Chiriac, Elena Maria Pica, Liviu Calin Bolundut, Luminita Nica, and Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma. 2010. "Manganese(III) Porphyrin-based Potentiometric Sensors for Diclofenac Assay in Pharmaceutical Preparations" Sensors 10, no. 10: 8850-8864. https://doi.org/10.3390/s101008850