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Diversity
Volume 17
Issue 11
10.3390/d17110765
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Interactions Between Invasive Plants and Native Plants on the Northern Coast of China and Their Implications for Ecological Restoration

by
Xiuzhong Li
1,*,
Shuailing Hou
1,
Senyang Li
1,
Yufei Zhang
1,
Duoli Zhang
1,
Shen Zhang
1,
Guoxiang Zheng
1,
Mingxiang Zhang
2,
Xue Mo
2,
Nan Zhang
3,
Heran Dai
3,
Jiahui Xue
1 and
Yijue Zhang
1
1
School of Chemical Safety, North China Institution of Science and Technology, Langfang 065201, China
2
School of Ecology and Natural Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
3
Beijing Tongzhou District Forestry Work Station, Beijing 101100, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diversity 2025, 17(11), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110765 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 September 2025 / Revised: 30 October 2025 / Accepted: 31 October 2025 / Published: 1 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Diversity)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Spartina alterniflora has become one of the most serious invasive species and competes with native Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa in northern China. This study conducted controlled container experiments with no competition, intraspecific competition, two-species competition, and three-species competition to compare the growth conditions of Spartina alterniflora (ramet, genet, and mixture), Phragmites australis, and Suaeda salsa. Results showed the following: (1) Spartina alterniflora exhibited obviously stronger interspecific competitiveness than that interspecific competition (RYab > 1), with significant differences in height, basal diameter, number of blades, fresh weight, and dry weight (p < 0.05); (2) among reproductive strategies, Spartina alterniflora competitiveness followed the order of ramets > genets > mixture; (3) under multispecies competition, height, basal diameter, and number of blades of Spartina alterniflora showed significant differences (p < 0.05); (4) the competitiveness of Spartina alterniflora in height, basal diameter, and number of blades on native species followed the order Suaeda salsa > Phragmites > Suaeda salsa + Phragmites > competition > no competition. This study suggests the following: (1) controlling established ramets should be prioritized; (2) genet seedlings should be removed within the same year; (3) monitoring of genets should be strengthened. Furthermore, container conditions in this study may not fully capture field environments. Future research should integrate long-term field experiments, tidal gradients, and nutrient manipulations.
Keywords: Spartina alterniflora; Phragmites australis; Suaeda salsa; invasion; ramet; genet; intraspecific competition; interspecific competition; ecological restoration Spartina alterniflora; Phragmites australis; Suaeda salsa; invasion; ramet; genet; intraspecific competition; interspecific competition; ecological restoration

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, X.; Hou, S.; Li, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, S.; Zheng, G.; Zhang, M.; Mo, X.; Zhang, N.; et al. Interactions Between Invasive Plants and Native Plants on the Northern Coast of China and Their Implications for Ecological Restoration. Diversity 2025, 17, 765. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110765

AMA Style

Li X, Hou S, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zheng G, Zhang M, Mo X, Zhang N, et al. Interactions Between Invasive Plants and Native Plants on the Northern Coast of China and Their Implications for Ecological Restoration. Diversity. 2025; 17(11):765. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110765

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Xiuzhong, Shuailing Hou, Senyang Li, Yufei Zhang, Duoli Zhang, Shen Zhang, Guoxiang Zheng, Mingxiang Zhang, Xue Mo, Nan Zhang, and et al. 2025. "Interactions Between Invasive Plants and Native Plants on the Northern Coast of China and Their Implications for Ecological Restoration" Diversity 17, no. 11: 765. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110765

APA Style

Li, X., Hou, S., Li, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Zhang, S., Zheng, G., Zhang, M., Mo, X., Zhang, N., Dai, H., Xue, J., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Interactions Between Invasive Plants and Native Plants on the Northern Coast of China and Their Implications for Ecological Restoration. Diversity, 17(11), 765. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110765

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