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Diversity
Volume 17
Issue 11
10.3390/d17110757
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Indigenous Bacterial Endophytes as Sustainable Alternatives for Management of Green Mould Disease in Agaricus bisporus

by
Utku Şanver
1,*,
Mehmet Ҫetin
2,*,
Nihan Güneş
3,
Funda Atila
4,
Erkan Eren
2 and
Hatice Özaktan
3,*
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Türkiye
2
Mushroom Program, Bergama Vocational Training School, Ege University, 35700 Izmir, Türkiye
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
4
Greenhouse Program, Bergama Vocational Training School, Ege University, 35700 Izmir, Türkiye
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diversity 2025, 17(11), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110757
Submission received: 18 September 2025 / Revised: 22 October 2025 / Accepted: 24 October 2025 / Published: 28 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Microbial Diversity and Culture Collections)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum is a major pathogen responsible for the green mould disease in Agaricus bisporus, causing significant yield losses. This study evaluated the effects of native bacterial strains as biocontrol agents against T. aggressivum f. aggressivum in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. Bacterial strains were collected from mushroom caps and screened for plant growth-promoting traits, including siderophore production, phosphate solubilisation, indole-3-acetic acid synthesis, chitinolytic, and proteolytic activities. In vitro antagonism assays identified Pseudomonas chlororaphis (Pl 4/2), Bacillus wiedmannii (Pl 6/1), and Bacillus cereus (Pl 5/2) as the most promising candidates. In vivo assays under controlled compost conditions revealed that Pl 5/2 significantly enhanced mycelial growth in A. bisporus. Field trials have confirmed its strong biocontrol potential, with disease severity reductions comparable to the fungicide Prochloraz. Furthermore, Pl 5/2 markedly increased the mushroom yield and the improved cap number and weight in A. bisporus. These results demonstrate the dual functionality of B. cereus Pl 5/2 in suppressing green mould and promoting yield, supporting its potential integration into sustainable, chemical-free mushroom production systems.
Keywords: Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum; beneficial microbes; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; Bacillus wiedmannii; Bacillus cereus Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum; beneficial microbes; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; Bacillus wiedmannii; Bacillus cereus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Şanver, U.; Ҫetin, M.; Güneş, N.; Atila, F.; Eren, E.; Özaktan, H. Indigenous Bacterial Endophytes as Sustainable Alternatives for Management of Green Mould Disease in Agaricus bisporus. Diversity 2025, 17, 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110757

AMA Style

Şanver U, Ҫetin M, Güneş N, Atila F, Eren E, Özaktan H. Indigenous Bacterial Endophytes as Sustainable Alternatives for Management of Green Mould Disease in Agaricus bisporus. Diversity. 2025; 17(11):757. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110757

Chicago/Turabian Style

Şanver, Utku, Mehmet Ҫetin, Nihan Güneş, Funda Atila, Erkan Eren, and Hatice Özaktan. 2025. "Indigenous Bacterial Endophytes as Sustainable Alternatives for Management of Green Mould Disease in Agaricus bisporus" Diversity 17, no. 11: 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110757

APA Style

Şanver, U., Ҫetin, M., Güneş, N., Atila, F., Eren, E., & Özaktan, H. (2025). Indigenous Bacterial Endophytes as Sustainable Alternatives for Management of Green Mould Disease in Agaricus bisporus. Diversity, 17(11), 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110757

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