Fish Diversity along the Mekong River and Delta Inferred by Environmental-DNA in a Period of Dam Building and Downstream Salinization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Water Sampling for Environmental-DNA (eDNA) Analysis of Fishes
2.3. Statistical Analyses
2.4. Reconstruction of the Species Distribution Range
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Limits and Advantages of the eDNA Approach in the Mekong River and Delta
4.2. Mekong Aquatic Environment and Fish Distributions
4.3. Migratory Fishes in the Mekong and Their Conservation
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site Code | Location | Coordinates | Sampling Date | Salinity | Distance from the Sea (km) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latitude | Longitude | |||||
M01 | Nong Khai, Thailand | 17°49.740′ N | 102°41.878′ E | Sept. 2019 | 0.0 | 1529 |
M02 | Nakhon Phanom, Thailand | 17°3.735′ N | 104°45.268′ E | Sept. 2019 | 0.0 | 1158 |
M03 | Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand | 15°23.823′ N | 105°32.737′ E | Sept. 2019 | 0.0 | 903 |
M04 | Khone Falls, Stung Treng, Cambodia | 13°34.815′ N | 106°0.178′ E | Aug. 2019 | 0.0 | 646 |
TS | Tonle Sap, Kampong Thom, Cambodia | 12°31.099′ N | 104°27.334′ E | June 2019 | 0.0 | 443 |
M05 | Kampong Cham, Cambodia | 12°0.442′ N | 105°28.461′ E | June 2019 | 0.0 | 417 |
M06 | Dong Thap, Vietnam | 10°24.514′ N | 105°36.764′ E | May 2019 | 0.0 | 143 |
M07 | Tien Giang, Vietnam | 10°19.488′ N | 106°0.396′ E | May 2018 | 0.1 | 90 |
M08 | Chau Thanh, Ben Tre, Vietnam | 10°18.699′ N | 106°26.909′ E | Apr. 2018 | 1.0 | 39 |
M09 | Binh Dai, Ben Tre, Vietnam | 10°16.266′ N | 106°31.494′ E | Apr. 2018 | 5.9 | 29 |
M10 | Binh Dai, Ben Tre, Vietnam | 10°15.048′ N | 106°37.698′ E | Apr. 2018 | 10.7 | 18 |
M11 | Binh Dai, Ben Tre, Vietnam | 10°12.114′ N | 106°44.166′ E | Apr. 2018 | 16.6 | 5 |
M12 | Binh Dai, Ben Tre, Vietnam | 10°10.703′ N | 106°45.793′ E | Apr. 2018 | 21.3 | 2 |
M13 | Binh Dai, Ben Tre, Vietnam | 10°7.254′ N | 106°48.948′ E | Apr. 2018 | 26.7 | 0 |
M14 | Vung Tau, Vietnam | 10°19.188′ N | 107°1.494′ E | Apr. 2018 | 30.0 | 0 |
Order | Group | p |
---|---|---|
Familly | ||
Species | ||
Osteoglossiformes | ||
Notopteridae | ||
Chitala ornata | 1 | 0.0286 * |
Clupeiformes | ||
Engraulidae | ||
Stolephorus chinensis | 3 | 0.0005 *** |
Stolephorus insularis B | 3 | 0.0012 ** |
Coilia rebentischii | 3 | 0.0245 * |
Clupeidae | ||
Clupeichthys aesarnensis | 1 | 0.0308 * |
Clupeoides borneensis | 2 | 0.0108 * |
Hilsa kelee | 3 | 0.0045 ** |
Gonorynchiformes | ||
Chanidae | ||
Channa striata | 1 | 0.0170 * |
Cypriniformes | ||
Botiidae | ||
Syncrossus helodes | 1 | 0.0304 * |
Cyprinidae | ||
Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus | 1 | 0.0304 * |
Bangana sp. | 1 | 0.0041 ** |
Barbonymus altus | 1 | 0.0006 *** |
Barbonymus gonionotus | 1 + 2 | 0.0005 *** |
Barbonymus sp1 | 1 | 0.0049 ** |
Barbonymus sp2 | 1 | 0.0006 *** |
Cosmochilus harmandi | 1 | 0.0320 * |
Cosmochilus sp2 | 1 | 0.0320 * |
Cyprinidae sp12 | 1 | 0.0308 * |
Cyprinidae sp13 | 1 | 0.0308 * |
Cyprinidae sp16 | 1 | 0.0055 ** |
Cyprinidae sp20 | 1 | 0.0294 * |
Cyprinidae sp9 | 1 + 2 | 0.0399 * |
Hypsibarbus malcolmi | 1 | 0. 0055 * |
Hypsibarbus wetmorei | 1 | 0. 0049 ** |
Labeo chrysophekadion | 1 | 0.0163 * |
Mystacoleucus marginatus | 1 | 0.0311 * |
Paralaubuca sp2 | 1 | 0.0165 * |
Paralaubuca sp3 | 1 | 0.0311 * |
Probarbus jullieni | 1 | 0.0311 * |
Puntioplites falcifer | 1 | 0.0014 ** |
Puntioplites proctozystron | 1 + 2 | 0.0088 ** |
Puntioplites sp. | 2 | 0.0328 * |
Sikukia gudgeri C | 1 | 0. 0047 ** |
Sikukia sp2 | 1 | 0.0294 * |
Siluriformes | ||
Siluriformes sp1 | 1 | 0.0308 * |
Bagridae | ||
Hemibagrus spilopterus | 1 | 0.0048 ** |
Mystus bocourti | 1 | 0.0308 * |
Pangasiidae | ||
Pangasius bocourti | 1 + 2 | 0.0005 *** |
Pangasius larnaudii | 1 + 2 | 0.0440 * |
Pangasius macronema | 1 + 2 | 0.0111 * |
Siluridae | ||
Belodontichthys truncatus | 1 | 0.0304 * |
Gobiiformes | ||
Gobiidae | ||
Gobiidae sp4 | 2 | 0.0077 ** |
Synbranchiformes | ||
Mastacembelidae | ||
Mastacembelus sp. | 1 | 0.0047 ** |
Cichliformes | ||
Cichlidae | ||
Oreochromis niloticus | 1 + 2 | 0.0408 * |
Beloniformes | ||
Belonidae | ||
Xenentodon cancila | 1 | 0.0006 *** |
Perciformes | ||
Polynemidae | ||
Polynemus melanochir | 2 | 0.0081 ** |
Acanthuriformes | ||
Sciaenidae | ||
Johnius carouna | 3 | 0.0042 ** |
Johnius borneensis | 3 | 0.0246 * |
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Durand, J.-D.; Simier, M.; Tran, N.T.; Grudpan, C.; Chan, B.; Nguyen, B.N.L.; Hoang, H.D.; Panfili, J. Fish Diversity along the Mekong River and Delta Inferred by Environmental-DNA in a Period of Dam Building and Downstream Salinization. Diversity 2022, 14, 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080634
Durand J-D, Simier M, Tran NT, Grudpan C, Chan B, Nguyen BNL, Hoang HD, Panfili J. Fish Diversity along the Mekong River and Delta Inferred by Environmental-DNA in a Period of Dam Building and Downstream Salinization. Diversity. 2022; 14(8):634. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080634
Chicago/Turabian StyleDurand, Jean-Dominique, Monique Simier, Ngan Trong Tran, Chaiwut Grudpan, Bunyeth Chan, Bao Ngoc Le Nguyen, Huy Duc Hoang, and Jacques Panfili. 2022. "Fish Diversity along the Mekong River and Delta Inferred by Environmental-DNA in a Period of Dam Building and Downstream Salinization" Diversity 14, no. 8: 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080634