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Article

13C-NMR Based Evaluation of the Electronic and Steric Interactions in Aromatic Amines

by
Anna Zakrzewska
1,
Ryszard Gawinecki
1,*,
Erkki Kolehmainen
2 and
Borys Ośmiałowski
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Technical & Agricultural University, Seminaryjna 3, PL-85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2
Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2005, 6(1), 52-62; https://doi.org/10.3390/i6010052
Submission received: 16 April 2004 / Revised: 24 January 2005 / Accepted: 25 January 2005 / Published: 31 January 2005
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Abstract

Chemical shifts of the para carbon atoms, δ(13C-4), in a series of aromatic amines were used to calculate the σp, σR and σOR substituent constants for different amino groups. 1-Pyrrolidino, N,N-di-n-butylamino and N,N-diethylamino groups were found to be the most strong electron-donors. ortho-Substitution decreases the donor properties of the amino group. The amino groups in 2,6-di-i-propylaniline and N,N-2,6-tetramethylaniline have very weak electron-donor properties. The nitrogen atom in benzoquinuclidine and N,N-dimethyl-2,6-di-i-propylaniline have an electron-acceptor character. The calculated substituent constants of the amino groups studied are consistent with the spectral and reactivity data available in literature. Values of δ(15N) cannot be used as a direct measure of electronic effects of the N atom in anilines.
Keywords: Amino groups; substituent effects; steric inhibition to resonance; 13C- and 15N-NMR; aromatic amines Amino groups; substituent effects; steric inhibition to resonance; 13C- and 15N-NMR; aromatic amines

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zakrzewska, A.; Gawinecki, R.; Kolehmainen, E.; Ośmiałowski, B. 13C-NMR Based Evaluation of the Electronic and Steric Interactions in Aromatic Amines. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2005, 6, 52-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/i6010052

AMA Style

Zakrzewska A, Gawinecki R, Kolehmainen E, Ośmiałowski B. 13C-NMR Based Evaluation of the Electronic and Steric Interactions in Aromatic Amines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2005; 6(1):52-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/i6010052

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zakrzewska, Anna, Ryszard Gawinecki, Erkki Kolehmainen, and Borys Ośmiałowski. 2005. "13C-NMR Based Evaluation of the Electronic and Steric Interactions in Aromatic Amines" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 6, no. 1: 52-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/i6010052

APA Style

Zakrzewska, A., Gawinecki, R., Kolehmainen, E., & Ośmiałowski, B. (2005). 13C-NMR Based Evaluation of the Electronic and Steric Interactions in Aromatic Amines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 6(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/i6010052

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