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Article

Enhanced Effects of Complex Tea Extract and the Postbiotic BPL1® HT on Ameliorating the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Mice

by
Mario de la Fuente-Muñoz
1,
Marta Román-Carmena
1,
Sara Amor
1,
Daniel González-Hedström
2,
Verónica Martinez-Rios
2,
Sonia Guilera-Bermell
2,
Francisco Canet
2,
Araceli Lamelas
2,
Ángel Luis García-Villalón
1,
Patricia Martorell
2,
Antonio M. Inarejos-García
2 and
Miriam Granado
1,3,*
1
Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2
ADM Research Center-Valencia, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
3
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020680
Submission received: 29 September 2025 / Revised: 19 December 2025 / Accepted: 23 December 2025 / Published: 9 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Bioactives and Nutraceuticals)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study investigates the potential complementary effects of the standardized green and black ADM ComplexTea Extract (CTE) and the heat-treated postbiotic (BPL1® HT) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with MetS in a murine model. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet and treated with CTE, BPL1® HT, or their combination for 20 weeks. Metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative, vascular parameters, and fecal microbiota composition were assessed. Both CTE and BPL1® HT individually attenuated weight gain, organ hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and inflammation. However, their combined administration exerted synergistic effects, fully normalizing body weight, adipocyte size, lipid profiles, HOMA-IR index, and insulin sensitivity to levels comparable to lean controls. Co-treatment also restored PI3K/Akt signaling in liver and muscle, reduced hepatic steatosis, and normalized the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers across multiple tissues. Furthermore, vascular function was significantly improved, with enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced vasoconstrictor responses, particularly to angiotensin II. CTE, BPL1®HT, and the blend prevented bacterial richness reduction caused by HFHS; the blend achieved higher bacterial richness than mice in Chow diet. Additionally, the blend prevented the increase in Flintibacter butyricus, which is associated with MetS clinical parameters, and showed a tendency to increase the abundance of Bifidobacterium. These findings suggest that the combination of CTE and BPL1® HT offers a potential nutritional strategy to counteract the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of MetS through complementary mechanisms involving improved insulin signaling, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, enhanced vascular function, and modulation of gut microbiota.
Keywords: metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; hypertension; nutritional supplements; tea extract; microbiota; postbiotic metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; hypertension; nutritional supplements; tea extract; microbiota; postbiotic

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MDPI and ACS Style

de la Fuente-Muñoz, M.; Román-Carmena, M.; Amor, S.; González-Hedström, D.; Martinez-Rios, V.; Guilera-Bermell, S.; Canet, F.; Lamelas, A.; García-Villalón, Á.L.; Martorell, P.; et al. Enhanced Effects of Complex Tea Extract and the Postbiotic BPL1® HT on Ameliorating the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020680

AMA Style

de la Fuente-Muñoz M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, González-Hedström D, Martinez-Rios V, Guilera-Bermell S, Canet F, Lamelas A, García-Villalón ÁL, Martorell P, et al. Enhanced Effects of Complex Tea Extract and the Postbiotic BPL1® HT on Ameliorating the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(2):680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020680

Chicago/Turabian Style

de la Fuente-Muñoz, Mario, Marta Román-Carmena, Sara Amor, Daniel González-Hedström, Verónica Martinez-Rios, Sonia Guilera-Bermell, Francisco Canet, Araceli Lamelas, Ángel Luis García-Villalón, Patricia Martorell, and et al. 2026. "Enhanced Effects of Complex Tea Extract and the Postbiotic BPL1® HT on Ameliorating the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 2: 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020680

APA Style

de la Fuente-Muñoz, M., Román-Carmena, M., Amor, S., González-Hedström, D., Martinez-Rios, V., Guilera-Bermell, S., Canet, F., Lamelas, A., García-Villalón, Á. L., Martorell, P., Inarejos-García, A. M., & Granado, M. (2026). Enhanced Effects of Complex Tea Extract and the Postbiotic BPL1® HT on Ameliorating the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(2), 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020680

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