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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Fetal Neuronal Vesicles in the Assessment of Perinatal Brain Dysfunction and Late-Onset Growth Restriction: A Pilot Study

by
Vladislava Gusar
1,*,
Natalia Kan
2,
Anastasia Leonova
3,
Vitaliy Chagovets
4,
Victor Tyutyunnik
5,
Anna Zolotareva
2,
Nataliya Tyutyunnik
3,
Ekaterina Yarotskaya
2 and
Gennadiy Sukhikh
2
1
Laboratory of Applied Transcriptomics, Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4, Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
2
Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4, Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
3
Department of Molecular Diagnostic Methods and Personalized Medicine, Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4, Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
4
Laboratory of Metabolomics and Bioinformatics, Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4, Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
5
Center for Scientific and Clinical Research, Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4, Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020679
Submission received: 4 December 2025 / Revised: 4 January 2026 / Accepted: 7 January 2026 / Published: 9 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Neurons in Human Health and Disease—3rd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains a significant problem in obstetrics and is a key risk factor for perinatal brain injury. The fetal neuronal vesicles (FNVs) isolated from maternal blood represent an innovative approach—a “fetal brain liquid biopsy”—enabling early diagnostics of neuronal dysfunction in FGR. Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein pattern expression of FNVs isolated from the blood of pregnant women with FGR and uncomplicated pregnancy. Significant changes in the neurotrophic proteins levels (pro-BDNF, pro-NGF) and presynaptic neurotransmission proteins (SYN1, SYP, SYNPO) were identified. New data were obtained on changes in the expression of proteins of sumoylation (SUMO2/3/4) and neddylation (NAE1, UBC12), which differs in early-onset and late-onset FGR. Moreover, increased SUMO2/3/4 levels can be considered as an endogenous neuroprotective response to cerebral hemodynamic reaction in fetuses with late-onset growth restriction. An association has been established between changes in the expression of the studied proteins and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in newborns with late-onset growth restriction.
Keywords: fetal neuronal vesicles; sumoylation; neddylation; placental dysfunction; fetal growth restriction fetal neuronal vesicles; sumoylation; neddylation; placental dysfunction; fetal growth restriction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gusar, V.; Kan, N.; Leonova, A.; Chagovets, V.; Tyutyunnik, V.; Zolotareva, A.; Tyutyunnik, N.; Yarotskaya, E.; Sukhikh, G. Fetal Neuronal Vesicles in the Assessment of Perinatal Brain Dysfunction and Late-Onset Growth Restriction: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020679

AMA Style

Gusar V, Kan N, Leonova A, Chagovets V, Tyutyunnik V, Zolotareva A, Tyutyunnik N, Yarotskaya E, Sukhikh G. Fetal Neuronal Vesicles in the Assessment of Perinatal Brain Dysfunction and Late-Onset Growth Restriction: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(2):679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020679

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gusar, Vladislava, Natalia Kan, Anastasia Leonova, Vitaliy Chagovets, Victor Tyutyunnik, Anna Zolotareva, Nataliya Tyutyunnik, Ekaterina Yarotskaya, and Gennadiy Sukhikh. 2026. "Fetal Neuronal Vesicles in the Assessment of Perinatal Brain Dysfunction and Late-Onset Growth Restriction: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 2: 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020679

APA Style

Gusar, V., Kan, N., Leonova, A., Chagovets, V., Tyutyunnik, V., Zolotareva, A., Tyutyunnik, N., Yarotskaya, E., & Sukhikh, G. (2026). Fetal Neuronal Vesicles in the Assessment of Perinatal Brain Dysfunction and Late-Onset Growth Restriction: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(2), 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020679

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