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Article

The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms and Psychosocial Determinants on Suicidal Behaviors: A Case–Control Study of CRHR1, NTRK2, and FKBP5

by
Mihaela Elvira Cîmpianu
1,2,3,*,
Emilian Onișan
4,*,
Viviana Maria Sărac
5,
Ioan Sărac
4,
Mariana Ganea
6,
Gligor Octavia
7,
Ștefana Bâlici
1,
Gheorghe Zsolt Nicula
1,
Elena Maria Domșa
2,
Teodora Cîmpianu
8,
Sergiu Ionica Rusu
9,10,
Horia George Coman
11,
Mihaela Laura Vică Matei
1,3 and
Costel Vasile Siserman
3,12
1
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Haṭieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Department of Social Sciences, “1st December 1918” University of Alba Iulia, 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania
3
Legal Medicine Institute, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
4
Genetic Department, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
5
Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
6
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
7
Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10, 1 December Square, 410073 Oradea, Romania
8
Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
9
Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
10
Romanian Institute for Evaluation and Strategy-IRES, 400495 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
11
Department of Medical Psychology, Iuliu Haṭieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
12
Department of Legal Medicine, Iuliu Haṭieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 8053; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168053 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 May 2025 / Revised: 23 July 2025 / Accepted: 6 August 2025 / Published: 20 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Barriers: Consciousness and Mental Illness)

Abstract

Suicide, a major contributor to global mortality rates, especially among young patients, remains insufficiently integrated into public health initiatives despite notable progress in identifying its determinants. The prediction of suicidal behavior remains complex, often relying on subjective assessments rather than objective biomarkers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) such as rs110402 (CRHR1 gene), rs3800373 (FKBP5 gene), and rs2289656 (NTRK2 gene) have been linked to physiological mechanisms involving stress response and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which contributes to anxiety and stress regulation. This study aimed to assess stress-related gene polymorphisms in individuals with suicidal behavior compared to controls. According to our results, the presence of the A allele of rs2289656 was associated with a protective effect, while the GG genotype conferred a higher susceptibility to suicidal behaviors. Significant associations were observed between trauma and abuse history and the rs110402 polymorphism in CRHR1 gene, highlighting a protective role for the GG genotype and increased predisposition to stress-related psychiatric conditions and suicidal behavior for A allele carriers. No valid associations were found for rs3800373 in the FKBP5 gene, although suggestive trends related to depression and self-aggression were noted. Our findings underscore the need to identify reliable biomarkers associated with suicide risk, highlighting the importance of integrating hereditary and psychosocial data to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to support the development of effective early interventions.
Keywords: suicidal behavior; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); psychosocial determinants; biomarkers; suicide prevention suicidal behavior; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); psychosocial determinants; biomarkers; suicide prevention

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Cîmpianu, M.E.; Onișan, E.; Sărac, V.M.; Sărac, I.; Ganea, M.; Octavia, G.; Bâlici, Ș.; Nicula, G.Z.; Domșa, E.M.; Cîmpianu, T.; et al. The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms and Psychosocial Determinants on Suicidal Behaviors: A Case–Control Study of CRHR1, NTRK2, and FKBP5. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168053

AMA Style

Cîmpianu ME, Onișan E, Sărac VM, Sărac I, Ganea M, Octavia G, Bâlici Ș, Nicula GZ, Domșa EM, Cîmpianu T, et al. The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms and Psychosocial Determinants on Suicidal Behaviors: A Case–Control Study of CRHR1, NTRK2, and FKBP5. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(16):8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168053

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cîmpianu, Mihaela Elvira, Emilian Onișan, Viviana Maria Sărac, Ioan Sărac, Mariana Ganea, Gligor Octavia, Ștefana Bâlici, Gheorghe Zsolt Nicula, Elena Maria Domșa, Teodora Cîmpianu, and et al. 2025. "The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms and Psychosocial Determinants on Suicidal Behaviors: A Case–Control Study of CRHR1, NTRK2, and FKBP5" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 16: 8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168053

APA Style

Cîmpianu, M. E., Onișan, E., Sărac, V. M., Sărac, I., Ganea, M., Octavia, G., Bâlici, Ș., Nicula, G. Z., Domșa, E. M., Cîmpianu, T., Rusu, S. I., Coman, H. G., Vică Matei, M. L., & Siserman, C. V. (2025). The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms and Psychosocial Determinants on Suicidal Behaviors: A Case–Control Study of CRHR1, NTRK2, and FKBP5. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(16), 8053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168053

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