Twelve-Month CPAP Therapy Modulates BDNF Levels in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Metabolic and Treatment Compliance
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Methods and Materials
4.1. Study Population
4.2. Data Collection
4.3. Study Protocol
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AHI | Apnea–Hypopnea Index |
BDNF | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure |
DM2 | Diabetes Mellitus type 2 |
HOMA-IR | Homeostatic Model Assessment—Insulin Resistance |
NREM | Non-rapid Eye Movement sleep |
ns-OSA | non-severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
OSA | Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
PSG | Polysomnography |
s-OSA | severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
sc-OSA | severe compliant Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
snc-OSA | severe non-compliant Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
REM | Rapid Eye Movement sleep |
TST | Total Sleep Time |
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Overall | s-OSA | ns-OSA | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 66 | 40 (60.6%) | 26 (39.4%) | |
Male sex, n (%) | 58 (87.9%) | 35 (87.5%) | 23 (88.5%) | 0.61 |
Age (years) | 57.1 ± 10.2 | 57.4 ± 9.5 | 56.7 ± 11.3 | 0.79 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.4 ± 5.7 | 33.4 ± 5.6 | 30.8 ± 5.5 | 0.1 |
Neck circumference (cm) | 42.9 ± 4.2 | 43.3 ± 4.6 | 42.2 ± 3.6 | 0.07 |
TST (hours) | 5.66 ± 0.95 | 5.53 ± 0.99 | 5.86 ± 0.88 | 0.29 |
REM (hours) | 1.10 ± 0.51 | 0.98 ± 0.44 | 1.29 ± 0.55 | 0.01 |
REM %TST | 19.4 ± 7.7% | 17.7 ± 7.3% | 21.4 ± 7.8% | 0.00 |
NREM (hours) | 4.56 ± 0.8 | 4.55 ± 0.92 | 4.57 ± 0.6 | 0.93 |
NREM %TST | 80.9 ± 7.7% | 82.4 ± 7.3% | 78.6 ± 7.8% | 0.14 |
Arousal index (per hour) | 44.9 ± 46.0 | 51.6 ± 49.4 | 34.6 ± 38.9 | 0.00 |
AHI (per hour) | 39.7 ± 23.8 | 54.1 ± 18.5 | 16.6 ± 7.7 | 0.00 |
Basal SpO2 (%) | 90.3 ± 3.7 | 89.1 ± 4.1 | 92.3 ± 1.9 | 0.00 |
Time below 90% SpO2 (min) | 126.5 ± 115.1 | 163.9 ± 96.5 | 66.8 ± 119.1 | 0.00 |
Time below 90% SpO2 (%TST) | 37.4 ± 34.3% | 49.4 ± 2.7% | 19.0 ± 36.3% | 0.00 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 110.5 ± 21.2 | 113.9 ± 4.8 | 105.4 ± 13.0 | 0.21 |
Insulin (mIU/L) | 15.7 ± 11.1 | 17.6 ± 13.5 | 12.9 ± 5.1 | 0.39 |
HOMA-IR | 4.44 ± 3.63 | 5.12 ± 4.40 | 3.39 ± 1.50 | 0.32 |
BDNF (ng/mL) | 14.7 (5.9–27.8) | 20.1 (9.0–33.6) | 8.1 (4.6–17.4) | 0.02 |
Diabetes mellitus t2, n (%) | 9 (13.6%) | 7 (17.5%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.44 |
sc-OSAS | snc-OSAS | p | |
---|---|---|---|
BMI (kg/m2) | 33.7 ± 5.7 | 30.0 ± 9.3 | 0.30 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 111.4 ± 21.6 | 106.4 ± 13.6 | 0.69 |
Insulin (mIU/L) | 14.6 ± 5.7 | 15.2 ± 7.3 | 0.92 |
HOMA-IR | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 0.92 |
BDNF (ng/mL) | 27.4 (14.8–33.8) | 35.5 (21.7–39.0) | 0.13 |
Therapeutic pressure in CPAP (mmH2O) | 11.4 | 11.2 | 0.00 |
AHI (per hour) | 8.6 ± 10.7 | 12.5 ± 18.1 | 0.68 |
Nights with CPAP (%) | 88.3 ± 9.6% | 44.5 ± 20.0% | 0.00 |
sc-OSAS (Compliant) n = 24 | p | ||
---|---|---|---|
Before CPAP | After 12 Months of CPAP | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 34.1 ± 6.2 | 33.7 ± 5.7 | 0.57 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 117.3 ± 28.9 | 111.4 ± 21.6 | 0.08 |
Insulin (mIU/L) | 18.1 ± 11.3 | 14.6 ± 5.7 | 0.09 |
HOMA-IR | 5.6 ± 4.6 | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 0.04 |
BDNF (ng/mL) | 24.4 (9.7–34.3) | 27.4 (14.8–33.8) | 0.33 |
snc-OSAS (Non-Compliant), n = 16 | p | ||
---|---|---|---|
Before CPAP | After 12 Months of CPAP | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.4 ± 4.6 | 30.0 ± 9.3 | 0.36 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 108.8 ± 16.4 | 106.4 ± 13.6 | 0.33 |
Insulin (mIU/L) | 16.9 ± 16.7 | 15.2 ± 7.3 | 0.88 |
HOMA-IR | 4.4 ± 4.1 | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 0.88 |
BDNF (ng/mL) | 16.2 (8.5–29.1) | 35.5 (21.7–39.0) | 0.00 |
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Karwowska, U.; Kudrycka, A.; Pierzchała, K.; Stawski, R.; Jerczyńska, H.; Białasiewicz, P.; Kuczyński, W. Twelve-Month CPAP Therapy Modulates BDNF Levels in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Metabolic and Treatment Compliance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 5855. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125855
Karwowska U, Kudrycka A, Pierzchała K, Stawski R, Jerczyńska H, Białasiewicz P, Kuczyński W. Twelve-Month CPAP Therapy Modulates BDNF Levels in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Metabolic and Treatment Compliance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(12):5855. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125855
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarwowska, Urszula, Aleksandra Kudrycka, Karol Pierzchała, Robert Stawski, Hanna Jerczyńska, Piotr Białasiewicz, and Wojciech Kuczyński. 2025. "Twelve-Month CPAP Therapy Modulates BDNF Levels in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Metabolic and Treatment Compliance" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 12: 5855. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125855
APA StyleKarwowska, U., Kudrycka, A., Pierzchała, K., Stawski, R., Jerczyńska, H., Białasiewicz, P., & Kuczyński, W. (2025). Twelve-Month CPAP Therapy Modulates BDNF Levels in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Metabolic and Treatment Compliance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(12), 5855. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125855