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Article

Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADAl3–4 Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

by
Yiming Zhang
†,
Yanjun Ji
†,
Fuxin Liu
,
Yutong Wang
,
Chengyi Feng
,
Zhenzhen Zhou
,
Zijian Zhang
,
Long Han
,
Jinxia Li
,
Mingyu Wang
and
Lixin Li
*
Key Laboratory of Saline–Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4919; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104919
Submission received: 17 April 2025 / Revised: 18 May 2025 / Accepted: 19 May 2025 / Published: 20 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant and Environmental Interactions (Abiotic Stress))
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Abstract

Aluminum toxicity severely inhibits root elongation and nutrient uptake, causing global agricultural yield losses. Dissolved Al3+ are accumulating in plants and subsequently entering food chains via crops and forage plants. Chronic dietary exposure to Al3+ poses a risk to human health. In this study, Pseudomonas sp. strain ADAl3–4, isolated from plant rhizosphere soil, significantly enhanced plant development and biomass. Phenotypic validation using Arabidopsis mutants showed that strain ADAl3–4 regulates plant growth and development under aluminum stress by reprogramming the cell cycle, regulating auxin and ion homeostasis, and enhancing the root absorption of Al3+ from the soil. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses showed that strain ADAl3–4 promotes plant growth via regulating signal transduction, phytohormone biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and antioxidant capacity, etc., under aluminum stress. Our findings indicate that Pseudomonas sp. strain ADAl3–4 enhances plant development and stress resilience under Al3+ toxicity through a coordinated multi-dimensional regulatory network. Furthermore, strain ADAl3–4 promoted the root absorption of aluminum rather than the transportation of Al to the aerial part, endowing it with application prospects.
Keywords: aluminum stress tolerance; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); auxin homeostasis; flavonoid biosynthesis; signal transduction aluminum stress tolerance; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); auxin homeostasis; flavonoid biosynthesis; signal transduction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Y.; Ji, Y.; Liu, F.; Wang, Y.; Feng, C.; Zhou, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Han, L.; Li, J.; Wang, M.; et al. Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADAl3–4 Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104919

AMA Style

Zhang Y, Ji Y, Liu F, Wang Y, Feng C, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Han L, Li J, Wang M, et al. Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADAl3–4 Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(10):4919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104919

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Yiming, Yanjun Ji, Fuxin Liu, Yutong Wang, Chengyi Feng, Zhenzhen Zhou, Zijian Zhang, Long Han, Jinxia Li, Mingyu Wang, and et al. 2025. "Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADAl3–4 Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 10: 4919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104919

APA Style

Zhang, Y., Ji, Y., Liu, F., Wang, Y., Feng, C., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Z., Han, L., Li, J., Wang, M., & Li, L. (2025). Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADAl3–4 Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(10), 4919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104919

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