Intraperitoneal Injection of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) Stimulated Expressions of Neuroinflammatory Markers and Histopathological Changes in the Brains of Adult Zebrafish
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Extraction of P. gingivalis OMVs and Authentication
2.2. LD50 of OMVs in Adult Zebrafish
2.3. OMV Triggers Increased NO Production in Zebrafish
2.4. OMV Does Not Affect Caspase 3 and 9 Activity
2.5. P. gingivalis OMV Stimulates Production of IL-1β in Zebrafish
2.6. P. gingivalis OMV Activates Release of IL-6 in Zebrafish
2.7. P. gingivalis OMV Triggers Biosynthesis of PGE2 in Zebrafish
2.8. OMV-Induced Histopathological Changes in the Brains of Zebrafish
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. P. gingivalis Derived OMV Preparation
4.2. Fish Husbandry and Care
4.3. Intraperitoneal Injection of the P. gingivalis-Derived OMV
4.4. Median Lethal Dose Determination
4.5. Determination of NO Levels, Caspase 3 and 9 Using Colorimetric Assay
4.6. Determination of Concentrations of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β), and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Using ELISA
4.7. Evaluation of Zebrafish Brain Histology
4.8. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adewoyin, M.; Hamarsha, A.; Akinsola, R.; Teoh, S.L.; Azmai, M.N.A.; Abu Bakar, N.; Nasruddin, N.S. Intraperitoneal Injection of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) Stimulated Expressions of Neuroinflammatory Markers and Histopathological Changes in the Brains of Adult Zebrafish. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 11025. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011025
Adewoyin M, Hamarsha A, Akinsola R, Teoh SL, Azmai MNA, Abu Bakar N, Nasruddin NS. Intraperitoneal Injection of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) Stimulated Expressions of Neuroinflammatory Markers and Histopathological Changes in the Brains of Adult Zebrafish. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(20):11025. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011025
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdewoyin, Malik, Ahmed Hamarsha, Rasaq Akinsola, Seong Lin Teoh, Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai, Noraini Abu Bakar, and Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin. 2024. "Intraperitoneal Injection of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) Stimulated Expressions of Neuroinflammatory Markers and Histopathological Changes in the Brains of Adult Zebrafish" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 20: 11025. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011025
APA StyleAdewoyin, M., Hamarsha, A., Akinsola, R., Teoh, S. L., Azmai, M. N. A., Abu Bakar, N., & Nasruddin, N. S. (2024). Intraperitoneal Injection of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) Stimulated Expressions of Neuroinflammatory Markers and Histopathological Changes in the Brains of Adult Zebrafish. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(20), 11025. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011025