Fractalkine in Health and Disease
Abstract
1. The Chemokine CX3CL1, Fractalkine
2. Soluble Fractalkine
3. Fractalkine Receptor and Signal Transduction
4. Integrins
5. Biological Functions of FKN
6. Fractalkine in Cancer
FKN Function | Cancer Type and Model | Mechanisms | References |
---|---|---|---|
Anti-tumor | Murine lung cancer 3LL cells | CD8 and NK cells | [64,65] |
Anti-tumor | Murine EL4 lymphoma cells | NK cells | [66] |
Anti-tumor and good prognosis | NSCLC patients and murine lung cancer cells | NK cells, reduced proliferation of cancer cells | [67] |
Good prognosis | Human colorectal cancer | TIL infiltration | [68] |
Anti-tumor | Murine NXS2 neuroblastoma | Combination with IL-2 therapy | [69] |
Anti-tumor | Murine B16F10 melanoma and colon-26 cancer models with DC-FKN transfer | CD4 and CD8 T cells | [70] |
Good prognosis | Human gastric adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma; FKN expression | Correlation with expression | [71] |
Anti-tumor | Murine hepatocellular carcinoma MM45T.Li cells | CD4 and CD8 T cells | [72] |
Anti-tumor | Murine C26 colorectal cancer model | CD4 and CD8 T cells | [73] |
Anti-tumor | Human colorectal cancer cells in mouse xenograft | CTL activities | [74] |
Good prognosis | Human breast carcinoma | Elevated expression, CD8, DC, and NK infiltration | [76] |
Good prognosis | Human soft tissue sarcomas | Elevated expression, reduced proliferation of cancer cells | [77] |
Worse prognosis | NSCLC patients with a history of smoking | Enhanced cancer cell invasion | [78] |
Good prognosis | NSCLC patients | Elevated mRNA expression in tumors | [79] |
Good prognosis | Glioma patients | NK recruitment and activity | [80] |
Good prognosis | Breast cancer | T and NK cell recruitment, synergy with trastuzumab | [81] |
Anti-tumor | Mouse breast cancer | CD8 T cells | [82] |
Anti-tumor | Human melanoma | As a therapy associated with TCR-modified T cell transfer | [83] |
Worse prognosis | Stomach, liver, and urothelial cancer | Correlation studies | [41] |
Worse prognosis | Testis cancer and prostate cancer | Elevated FKN–CX3CR1 signaling axis | [84,87,88,89,90] |
Worse prognosis | Breast cancer | Elevated FKN–CX3CR1 signaling axis | [46,85,86] |
Pro-tumor effects | Murine B16 melanoma | Silencing of surface FKN delays tumor growth | [91] |
Worse prognosis | Human multiple myeloma patients and cell lines | Elevated expression in bone marrow and in tumor cells | [92,93] |
Worse prognosis | Human gastric cancer samples and cell lines | Elevation of CX3CR1 and FKN in cancer cells | [94,95] |
Pro-tumor | Human pancreatic cancer | Resistance to apoptosis, reprogramming of glucose metabolism | [96,97,98] |
Pro-tumor and worse prognosis | Human ovarian carcinoma | Enhanced proliferation of cancer cells through AKT activation | [99] |
Pro-tumor | Human leukemia | Invasion of cancer cells | [100] |
Worse prognosis | Human clear-cell renal carcinoma | Increased CX3CR1 expression | [44] |
7. Fractalkine in Cancer Immunotherapy
7.1. Immune Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapies
7.2. Fractalkine as a Biomarker of Response in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy
7.3. FKN as a Therapeutic Anti-Cancer Agent
8. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rodriguez, C.; Chocarro, L.; Echaide, M.; Ausin, K.; Escors, D.; Kochan, G. Fractalkine in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158007
Rodriguez C, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Ausin K, Escors D, Kochan G. Fractalkine in Health and Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(15):8007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158007
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodriguez, Claudia, Luisa Chocarro, Miriam Echaide, Karina Ausin, David Escors, and Grazyna Kochan. 2024. "Fractalkine in Health and Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15: 8007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158007
APA StyleRodriguez, C., Chocarro, L., Echaide, M., Ausin, K., Escors, D., & Kochan, G. (2024). Fractalkine in Health and Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(15), 8007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158007