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Article

Encapsulation of Nanoparticles with Statistical Copolymers with Different Surface Charges and Analysis of Their Interactions with Proteins and Cells

by
Saad Megahed
1,2,
Nicole Wutke
3,
Yang Liu
1,
Markus Klapper
3,
Florian Schulz
1,
Neus Feliu
4 and
Wolfgang J. Parak
1,*
1
Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
2
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
3
Max Planck Institute für Polymerforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
4
Zentrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie CAN, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105539
Submission received: 10 April 2024 / Revised: 3 May 2024 / Accepted: 16 May 2024 / Published: 19 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research on Nanotoxicology)
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Abstract

Encapsulation with polymers is a well-known strategy to stabilize and functionalize nanomaterials and tune their physicochemical properties. Amphiphilic copolymers are promising in this context, but their structural diversity and complexity also make understanding and predicting their behavior challenging. This is particularly the case in complex media which are relevant for intended applications in medicine and nanobiotechnology. Here, we studied the encapsulation of gold nanoparticles and quantum dots with amphiphilic copolymers differing in their charge and molecular structure. Protein adsorption to the nanoconjugates was studied with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and their surface activity was studied with dynamic interfacial tensiometry. Encapsulation of the nanoparticles without affecting their characteristic properties was possible with all tested polymers and provided good stabilization. However, the interaction with proteins and cells significantly depended on structural details. We identified statistical copolymers providing strongly reduced protein adsorption and low unspecific cellular uptake. Interestingly, different zwitterionic amphiphilic copolymers showed substantial differences in their resulting bio-repulsive properties. Among the polymers tested herein, statistical copolymers with sulfobetaine and phosphatidylcholine sidechains performed better than copolymers with carboxylic acid- and dimethylamino-terminated sidechains.
Keywords: nanoparticles; amphiphilic polymers; protein corona; cellular uptake nanoparticles; amphiphilic polymers; protein corona; cellular uptake

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MDPI and ACS Style

Megahed, S.; Wutke, N.; Liu, Y.; Klapper, M.; Schulz, F.; Feliu, N.; Parak, W.J. Encapsulation of Nanoparticles with Statistical Copolymers with Different Surface Charges and Analysis of Their Interactions with Proteins and Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105539

AMA Style

Megahed S, Wutke N, Liu Y, Klapper M, Schulz F, Feliu N, Parak WJ. Encapsulation of Nanoparticles with Statistical Copolymers with Different Surface Charges and Analysis of Their Interactions with Proteins and Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(10):5539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105539

Chicago/Turabian Style

Megahed, Saad, Nicole Wutke, Yang Liu, Markus Klapper, Florian Schulz, Neus Feliu, and Wolfgang J. Parak. 2024. "Encapsulation of Nanoparticles with Statistical Copolymers with Different Surface Charges and Analysis of Their Interactions with Proteins and Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 10: 5539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105539

APA Style

Megahed, S., Wutke, N., Liu, Y., Klapper, M., Schulz, F., Feliu, N., & Parak, W. J. (2024). Encapsulation of Nanoparticles with Statistical Copolymers with Different Surface Charges and Analysis of Their Interactions with Proteins and Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(10), 5539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105539

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