New Insight into the Potential Protective Function of Sulforaphene against ROS−Mediated Oxidative Stress Damage In Vitro and In Vivo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. SFE Promoted Cell Growth and Inhibited ROS Generation
2.2. SFE Alleviated H2O2−Induced Mitochondrial Damage in HFF and HaCaT Cells
2.3. SFE Attenuated Apoptosis in H2O2−Treated HFF and HaCaT Cells
2.4. Effect of SFE on the Cell Cycle in HFF and HaCaT Cells with H2O2−Induced Damage
2.5. Effect of SFE on D−Galactose (D−gal)−Induced Kidney Injury in Mice
2.6. SFE Ameliorated D−gal−Induced Oxidative Kidney Damage in Mice
2.7. SFE Enhanced the Antioxidant Capacity of the Kidney by Activating the Nrt2–ARE Signal Pathway
2.8. SFE Attenuated D−gal−Induced Inflammatory Responses in the Kidneys of Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Cell Culture and Treatments
4.3. Detection of Intracellular ROS Production
4.4. Analysis of Nuclear Morphology
4.5. Determination of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (Δψm)
4.6. Intracellular ATP Level Detection
4.7. Measurement of Apoptotic Cells
4.8. Cell Cycle Analysis
4.9. Animal Experiment
4.10. Histopathological Examination of the Kidney
4.11. Biochemical Analysis
4.12. Western Blotting Analysis
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
GLs | glucosinolates |
ITCs | isothiocyanates |
SFE | sulforaphene |
SFN | sulforaphane |
PI3K | phosphoinositide 3−kinase |
Akt | protein kinase B |
GSK−3β | glycogen synthase kinase−3β |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
GSH−Px | glutathione reductase |
CAT | catalase |
Nrf2 | nuclear factor−erythroid 2−related factor 2 |
ARE | antioxidant responsive element |
HO−1 | heme oxygenase 1 |
SASP | senescence associated secretory phenotype |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
TLR4 | toll−like receptor 4 |
MyD88 | myeloid differentiation factor 88 |
NQO1 | quinone oxidoreductase−1 |
GCLM | glutamate−cysteine ligase modifier |
4−HNE | 4−hydroxynonenal |
MDA | malondialdehyde |
T−AOC | total antioxidant capacity |
IFN−γ | interferon−gamma |
CXCL10 | CXC chemokineligand−10 |
MCP−1 | monocyte chemotactic protein−1 |
IL−10 | interleukin−10 |
TGF−β | transforming growth factor−β |
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Groups | Kidney Index (mg/g) | Initial Body Weight (g) | Final Body Weight (g) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 14.78 ± 0.79 | 23.9 ± 0.5 | 27.8 ± 1.0 |
D−gal | 12.44 ± 0.86 ## | 22.4 ± 0.8 | 24.9 ± 1.3 ### |
D−gal + SFE (10 mg/kg b.w.) | 13.41 ± 0.94 | 23.9 ± 1.0 | 25.2 ± 0.9 * |
D−gal + SFE (30 mg/kg b.w.) | 13.51 ± 0.59 | 23.7 ± 0.6 | 26.8 ± 0.8 *** |
D−gal + SFE (50 mg/kg b.w.) | 14.84 ± 1.56 ** | 22.7 ± 0.4 | 27.2 ± 1.0 *** |
D−gal + NMN (100 mg/kg b.w.) | 13.35 ± 0.72 | 23.4 ± 0.8 | 26.9 ± 1.2 *** |
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Zhang, B.; Liu, P.; Sheng, H.; Guo, Y.; Han, Y.; Suo, L.; Yuan, Q. New Insight into the Potential Protective Function of Sulforaphene against ROS−Mediated Oxidative Stress Damage In Vitro and In Vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713129
Zhang B, Liu P, Sheng H, Guo Y, Han Y, Suo L, Yuan Q. New Insight into the Potential Protective Function of Sulforaphene against ROS−Mediated Oxidative Stress Damage In Vitro and In Vivo. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(17):13129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713129
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Bo, Pengtao Liu, Huakang Sheng, Yang Guo, Yongzhi Han, Lin Suo, and Qipeng Yuan. 2023. "New Insight into the Potential Protective Function of Sulforaphene against ROS−Mediated Oxidative Stress Damage In Vitro and In Vivo" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17: 13129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713129