Decoding Metabolic Symbiosis between Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Using Cultured Tumor Microenvironment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Intracellular Metabolic Reprogramming in PDAC Cells Co-Cultured with CAF Precursors
2.2. Intracellular Metabolic Differences in Co-Cultured Capan−1 Cells and CAFs
2.3. Identifying Secreted and Consumed Extracellular Metabolites in Mono- and Co-Cultures of PDAC, CAF Precursors, and CAFs
2.4. Metabolic Alterations in Water-Soluble Metabolites of Capan−1 Cancer Cell Culture Supernatant
2.5. Metabolic Activity of CAF Precursors
2.6. Comparison of Metabolites in Culture Supernatants of Capan−1 and CAF Precursors
2.7. Investigation of Metabolic Changes in Co-Culture of Capan−1 and CAFs
3. Discussion
3.1. Interpretation of Metabolic Reprogramming in PDAC Cells Co-Cultured with CAF Precursors
3.2. Implications of Metabolite Consumption and Release in Mono- and Co-Cultures of PDAC and CAF Precursors
3.3. Future Research Directions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cells and Culture Condition
4.2. In Vitro Monoculture Assay
4.3. In Vitro Co-Culture Assay
4.4. Metabolite Extraction from the Culture Medium
4.5. LC-MS Analysis
4.6. Statistical Analysis and Visualization
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nihashi, Y.; Song, X.; Yamamoto, M.; Setoyama, D.; Kida, Y.S. Decoding Metabolic Symbiosis between Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Using Cultured Tumor Microenvironment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 11015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311015
Nihashi Y, Song X, Yamamoto M, Setoyama D, Kida YS. Decoding Metabolic Symbiosis between Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Using Cultured Tumor Microenvironment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(13):11015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311015
Chicago/Turabian StyleNihashi, Yuma, Xiaoyu Song, Masamichi Yamamoto, Daiki Setoyama, and Yasuyuki S. Kida. 2023. "Decoding Metabolic Symbiosis between Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Using Cultured Tumor Microenvironment" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13: 11015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311015