Linking Autophagy to Potential Agronomic Trait Improvement in Crops
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Role of Autophagy in Nutrient Recycling and Remobilization
2.1. The Acute Response of Autophagy to Nutrient Deprivation and Leaf Senescence
2.2. Autophagy-Dependent Recycling and Remobilization of Nitrogen
2.3. Autophagic Recycling and Remobilization of Micronutrients and Sulphur
2.4. The Autophagy-Dependent Remobilization of Carbonhydrates
2.5. Autophagy-Dependent Lipid Metabolism
3. The Role of Autophagy during Development
3.1. Vegetative Growth
3.2. Reproductive Development
4. The Role of Autophagy in the Responses to Abiotic Stress
4.1. Temperature Stress
4.2. Drought and Salinity Stress
4.3. Hypoxia or Oxidative Stress
5. The Role of Autophagy in Responses to Biotic Stress
5.1. Autophagy during Virus Infection
5.2. Autophagy during Fungi and Oomycete Infection
5.3. Autophagy during Bacterial Infection
6. Potential Approaches of Autophagy Manipulation for Crop Improvement
6.1. Genetic Manipulation of ATG Genes
6.2. Genetic Manipulation of Autophagy Regulators
6.3. Pharmacological Regulation
7. Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genes | Plant Species | Genetic Manipulation a | Phenotypes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
GmATG8c | Soybean | OE | Improved tolerance to N starvation in soybean calli and Arabidopsis OE lines | [32] |
SiATG8a | Foxtail millet | OE | Conferring enhanced tolerance to N starvation in Arabidopsis and rice OE lines; improved tolerance to drought stress in Arabidopsis OE lines | [33,45] |
MdATG8i | Apple | OE | Enhanced vegetative growth, leaf senescence and tolerance to N and C starvation in Arabidopsis OE lines; better tolerance to N/C starvation in apple OE calli; enhanced tolerance to salt and drought in apple OE lines | [40,103,104] |
MdATG3a, MdATG3b | Apple | OE | Arabidopsis OE lines show accelerated growth and bolting, and improved tolerance to mannitol, NaCl, N, and C starvation; apple calli overexpressing MdATG3b improve tolerance to N and C starvation | [46] |
MdATG7b | Apple | OE | Arabidopsis OE lines show accelerated growth and bolting, and improved tolerance to stresses caused by NaCl and N/C starvation | [138] |
MdATG18a | Apple | OE | enhanced tolerance to drought stress and N depletion in the apple OE lines; enhanced tolerance to drought stress in the tomato OE lines | [48,90] |
MdATG9 | Apple | OE | Transgenic apple calli confer enhanced tolerance to N depletion; Arabidopsis OE lines alleviates the negative effects of N deprivation on the root growth | [47] |
OsATG8a | Rice | OE | Increased numbers of tillers and reduced height; increased panicle numbers and yield; improved nitrogen use efficiency (NRE) under normal conditions | [49] |
OsATG8c | Rice | OE | Increased yield under normal conditions; improved NRE under normal or N-deficient conditions | [50] |
OsATG8b | Rice | OE | conferring higher N-recycling efficiency to grains; increased yield under normal conditions | [51] |
ATG5, ATG7 | Arabidopsis | OE | Increased resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and oxidative stress, delayed aging and enhanced growth, seed set, and seed oil content | [79] |
ASMT | Tomato | OE | Enhanced autophagy and thermotolerance | [99] |
BZR1 | Tomato | OE | Enhanced autophagy and tolerance to chilling stress and N starvation | [84,139] |
HsfA1 | Tomato | OE | Enhanced autophagy and tolerance to drought stress | [89] |
AOX | Tomato | OE | Enhanced autophagosome formation and ethylene-mediated drought tolerance | [101] |
MtCAS31 | Medicago truncatula | OE | Improving drought tolerance by mediating selective autophagic degradation of the aquaporin MtPIP2;7 | [102] |
TGA9 | Arabidopsis | OE | Increased autophagy under sucrose starvation and osmotic stress; enhanced tolerance to C starvation | [140] |
COST1 | Arabidopsis | KO | Increased drought tolerance but decreased growth | [141] |
GAPCs | Nicotiana benthamiana | VIGS | Enhanced resistance to the incompatible pathogens tobacco mosaic virus and Pst, as well as compatible pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci | [133] |
GAPC1, GAPA1 | Arabidopsis | KO | Enhanced resistance to both the virulent Pst and avirulent Pst expressing the effector AvrRpt2 | [134] |
MeGAPCs | Cassava | VIGS | to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam) | [135] |
HY5 | Arabidopsis | KO | Enhanced autophagy and improved tolerance to N/C starvation | [142] |
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Wang, J.; Miao, S.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y. Linking Autophagy to Potential Agronomic Trait Improvement in Crops. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094793
Wang J, Miao S, Liu Y, Wang Y. Linking Autophagy to Potential Agronomic Trait Improvement in Crops. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(9):4793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094793
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jingran, Shulei Miao, Yule Liu, and Yan Wang. 2022. "Linking Autophagy to Potential Agronomic Trait Improvement in Crops" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9: 4793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094793
APA StyleWang, J., Miao, S., Liu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2022). Linking Autophagy to Potential Agronomic Trait Improvement in Crops. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(9), 4793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094793