Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms Surrounding Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Neurological Features

Mohamed, Mohamed S.; Johansson, Anton; Jonsson, Jörgen; Schiöth, Helgi B.

doi:10.3390/ijms23084275

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Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms Surrounding Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Neurological Features

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Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

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These authors contributed equally to this work.

Academic Editor: Jordi Pérez-Tur

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4275; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084275

Received: 15 March 2022 / Revised: 30 March 2022 / Accepted: 30 March 2022 / Published: 12 April 2022

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Molecular Neurobiology)

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Abstract

Many of the survivors of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are suffering from persistent symptoms, causing significant morbidity and decreasing their quality of life, termed “post-COVID-19 syndrome” or “long COVID”. Understanding the mechanisms surrounding PCS is vital to developing the diagnosis, biomarkers, and possible treatments. Here, we describe the prevalence and manifestations of PCS, and similarities with previous SARS epidemics. Furthermore, we look at the molecular mechanisms behind the neurological features of PCS, where we highlight important neural mechanisms that may potentially be involved and pharmacologically targeted, such as glutamate reuptake in astrocytes, the role of NMDA receptors and transporters (EAAT2), ROS signaling, astrogliosis triggered by NF-κB signaling, KNDy neurons, and hypothalamic networks involving Kiss1 (a ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54)), among others. We highlight the possible role of reactive gliosis following SARS-CoV-2 CNS injury, as well as the potential role of the hypothalamus network in PCS manifestations. View Full-Text

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; post-COVID-19; astrocytes; microglia; hypothalamus; kisspeptin; ME/CFS

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mohamed, M.S.; Johansson, A.; Jonsson, J.; Schiöth, H.B. Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms Surrounding Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Neurological Features. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084275

AMA Style

Mohamed MS, Johansson A, Jonsson J, Schiöth HB. Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms Surrounding Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Neurological Features. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(8):4275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084275

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed, Mohamed S., Anton Johansson, Jörgen Jonsson, and Helgi B. Schiöth. 2022. "Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms Surrounding Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Neurological Features" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8: 4275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084275

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