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Article

3D Printable Composite Biomaterials Based on GelMA and Hydroxyapatite Powders Doped with Cerium Ions for Bone Tissue Regeneration

by
Rebeca Leu Alexa
1,
Andreia Cucuruz
2,*,
Cristina-Daniela Ghițulică
3,
Georgeta Voicu
3,
Liliana-Roxana Stamat (Balahura)
4,
Sorina Dinescu
4,5,*,
George Mihail Vlasceanu
2,
Cristina Stavarache
1,6,
Raluca Ianchis
7,
Horia Iovu
1,8 and
Marieta Costache
4,5
1
Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
2
Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
3
Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
4
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
5
Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
6
Costin D. Nenitescu, Centre of Organic Chemistry, 202-B Spl. Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
7
National Institute for Research & Development for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM—Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
8
Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1841; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031841
Submission received: 6 January 2022 / Revised: 27 January 2022 / Accepted: 1 February 2022 / Published: 6 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
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Abstract

The main objective was to produce 3D printable hydrogels based on GelMA and hydroxyapatite doped with cerium ions with potential application in bone regeneration. The first part of the study regards the substitution of Ca2+ ions from hydroxyapatite structure with cerium ions (Ca10-xCex(PO4)6(OH)2, xCe = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5). The second part followed the selection of the optimal concentration of HAp doped, which will ensure GelMA-based scaffolds with good biocompatibility, viability and cell proliferation. The third part aimed to select the optimal concentrations of GelMA for the 3D printing process (20%, 30% and 35%). In vitro biological assessment presented the highest level of cell viability and proliferation potency of GelMA-HC5 composites, along with a low cytotoxic potential, highlighting the beneficial effects of cerium on cell growth, also supported by Live/Dead results. According to the 3D printing experiments, the 30% GelMA enriched with HC5 was able to generate 3D scaffolds with high structural integrity and homogeneity, showing the highest suitability for the 3D printing process. The osteogenic differentiation experiments confirmed the ability of 30% GelMA-3% HC5 scaffold to support and efficiently maintain the osteogenesis process. Based on the results, 30% GelMA-3% HC5 3D printed scaffolds could be considered as biomaterials with suitable characteristics for application in bone tissue engineering.
Keywords: 3D printing; hydroxyapatite doped; cerium; gelatin methacryloyl; biological analyses 3D printing; hydroxyapatite doped; cerium; gelatin methacryloyl; biological analyses

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MDPI and ACS Style

Leu Alexa, R.; Cucuruz, A.; Ghițulică, C.-D.; Voicu, G.; Stamat, L.-R.; Dinescu, S.; Vlasceanu, G.M.; Stavarache, C.; Ianchis, R.; Iovu, H.; et al. 3D Printable Composite Biomaterials Based on GelMA and Hydroxyapatite Powders Doped with Cerium Ions for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031841

AMA Style

Leu Alexa R, Cucuruz A, Ghițulică C-D, Voicu G, Stamat L-R, Dinescu S, Vlasceanu GM, Stavarache C, Ianchis R, Iovu H, et al. 3D Printable Composite Biomaterials Based on GelMA and Hydroxyapatite Powders Doped with Cerium Ions for Bone Tissue Regeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031841

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leu Alexa, Rebeca, Andreia Cucuruz, Cristina-Daniela Ghițulică, Georgeta Voicu, Liliana-Roxana Stamat (Balahura), Sorina Dinescu, George Mihail Vlasceanu, Cristina Stavarache, Raluca Ianchis, Horia Iovu, and et al. 2022. "3D Printable Composite Biomaterials Based on GelMA and Hydroxyapatite Powders Doped with Cerium Ions for Bone Tissue Regeneration" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031841

APA Style

Leu Alexa, R., Cucuruz, A., Ghițulică, C.-D., Voicu, G., Stamat, L.-R., Dinescu, S., Vlasceanu, G. M., Stavarache, C., Ianchis, R., Iovu, H., & Costache, M. (2022). 3D Printable Composite Biomaterials Based on GelMA and Hydroxyapatite Powders Doped with Cerium Ions for Bone Tissue Regeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031841

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