Osseointegration Properties of Titanium Implants Treated by Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Microstructure of the Materials
2.1.1. Surface Morphology
2.1.2. Surface Wettability and Surface Energy
2.1.3. Composition Analysis
2.2. Bioactivity Evaluation
2.2.1. Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Morphology
2.2.2. Determination of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
2.2.3. Evaluation of Osteogenic Activity
2.2.4. In Vivo Evaluation of Bone Formation around Implants
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Preparation
4.2. Plasma Treatment
4.3. Surface Characterization
4.4. In Vitro Experiments
4.4.1. Cell Culture
4.4.2. Cell Adhesion and Proliferation
4.4.3. Cell Morphology
4.4.4. ROS Production
4.4.5. Osteogenesis-Related Gene Expression
4.4.6. ALP Activity
4.4.7. Calcium Deposition in the Extracellular Matrix
4.4.8. Raman Imaging
4.5. In Vivo Experiments
4.5.1. Animal Model and Surgical Procedures
4.5.2. Micro-CT
4.5.3. Histology of Sequentially Labeled Sections
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ti | Plasma | N2-Plasma | |
---|---|---|---|
Ra (nm) | 9.96 ± 1.94 | 9.64 ± 3.36 | 9.84 ± 1.57 |
Ti | Plasma | N2-Plasma | |
---|---|---|---|
Dispersive (mJ/m2) | 32.7 | 28.3 | 29.2 |
Polar (mJ/m2) | 9 | 44.7 | 44.1 |
Total energy (mJ/m2) | 41.7 | 73 | 73.3 |
Ti | Plasma | N2-Plasma | |
---|---|---|---|
C1s peak Proportion (%) | |||
C1 (C–C/C–H) | 74.17 | 56.31 | 47.55 |
C2 (C–O) | 19.35 | 19.07 | 14.85 |
C3 (O–C=O) | 6.48 | 5.68 | 7.62 |
C4 (C–N) | --- | 14.03 | 22.95 |
C5 (C=O/N–C=O) | --- | 4.9 | 7.03 |
O1s peak Proportion (%) | |||
O1 (Ti–O) | 71.62 | 69.66 | 67.18 |
O2 (–OH) | 13.9 | 20.49 | 20.08 |
O3 (NOx/H2O) | 14.48 | 9.85 | 12.74 |
N1s peak Proportion (%) | |||
N1 (C-N) | --- | 21.02 | 23.97 |
N2 (NOx) | --- | 61.64 | 62.35 |
N3 (NOx) | --- | 17.35 | 13.69 |
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Yan, S.; Komasa, S.; Agariguchi, A.; Pezzotti, G.; Okazaki, J.; Maekawa, K. Osseointegration Properties of Titanium Implants Treated by Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15420. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315420
Yan S, Komasa S, Agariguchi A, Pezzotti G, Okazaki J, Maekawa K. Osseointegration Properties of Titanium Implants Treated by Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15420. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315420
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Sifan, Satoshi Komasa, Akinori Agariguchi, Giuseppe Pezzotti, Joji Okazaki, and Kenji Maekawa. 2022. "Osseointegration Properties of Titanium Implants Treated by Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15420. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315420