Pharmacological Inhibition of IKK to Tackle Latency and Hyperinflammation in Chronic HIV-1 Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. IKKis Induce HIV Reactivation in Distinct Models of HIV Latency In Vitro
2.2. TBK1/IKKε and IKKβ Inhibitors Induce HIV Reactivation Ex Vivo in CD4+ T Cells from HIV+ Individuals
2.3. Antiretroviral Drugs Do Not Interfere with HIV Reactivation Activity Induced by IKKis
2.4. IKKis Do Not Modify Cell Activation in Ex Vivo Treated Primary CD4+ T Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cells
4.2. Compounds
4.3. Virus
4.4. Generation of Latently Infected Cells
4.5. HIV Reactivation In Vitro in Latently Infected Cells
4.6. Measurement of HIV Production in CD4+ T Cells from HIV+ Individuals
4.7. Quantitative RT-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
4.8. Western Blot
4.9. Flow Cytometry
4.10. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity
4.11. Anti-HIV Assays
4.12. Statistical Methods
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ezeonwumelu, I.J.; Garcia-Vidal, E.; Riveira-Muñoz, E.; Felip, E.; Gutiérrez-Chamorro, L.; Calba, I.; Massanella, M.; Sirera, G.; Clotet, B.; Ballana, E.; et al. Pharmacological Inhibition of IKK to Tackle Latency and Hyperinflammation in Chronic HIV-1 Infection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315000
Ezeonwumelu IJ, Garcia-Vidal E, Riveira-Muñoz E, Felip E, Gutiérrez-Chamorro L, Calba I, Massanella M, Sirera G, Clotet B, Ballana E, et al. Pharmacological Inhibition of IKK to Tackle Latency and Hyperinflammation in Chronic HIV-1 Infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315000
Chicago/Turabian StyleEzeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude, Edurne Garcia-Vidal, Eva Riveira-Muñoz, Eudald Felip, Lucía Gutiérrez-Chamorro, Ignasi Calba, Marta Massanella, Guillem Sirera, Bonaventura Clotet, Ester Ballana, and et al. 2022. "Pharmacological Inhibition of IKK to Tackle Latency and Hyperinflammation in Chronic HIV-1 Infection" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315000