BMP/Smad Pathway Is Involved in Lithium Carbonate-Induced Neural-Tube Defects in Mice and Neural Stem Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Maternal Exposure to Li2CO3 Induced the Development of NTDs in Mice
2.2. Increased Expression and Activation of the BMP/Smad Signaling Pathway in Embryonic Brain Tissues with NTDs
2.3. Role of Inositol in Li2CO3 Promoted Activation of BMP/Smad Signaling Pathway in mNSCs
2.4. Role of the BMP/Smad Signaling Pathway in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation in mNSCs
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. NTDs Mouse Model Establishment
4.2. Embryos Examination and Sample Collection
4.3. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) Staining
4.4. Cell Culture
4.5. MTT Assay
4.6. EdU Assay
4.7. Cell-Cycle Assay
4.8. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.9. Western Blot
4.10. Immunofluorescence
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer |
---|---|---|
Bmp2 | 5′-TTGGACACCAGGTTAGTGAATCA-3′ | 5′-TCTCCTCTAAATGGGCCACTT-3′ |
Bmp4 | 5′-TTGATACCTGAGACCGGGAAG-3′ | 5′-ACATCTGTAGAAGTGTCGCCTC-3′ |
Smad1 | 5′-GACGCTTTGGTGAAGAAACTGA-3′ | 5′-GGGAGCGAGGAATGGTGAC-3′ |
Smad5 | 5′-CCAGCCGTGAAGCGATTGT-3′ | 5′-CTCCTCCATAGCACCCTTCT-3′ |
Smad8 | 5′-CGGGTCAGCCTAGCAAGTG-3′ | 5′-GAGCCGAACGGGAACTCAC-3′ |
Runx2 | 5′-CCGGTCTCCTTCCAGGAT-3′ | 5′-GGGAACTGCTGTGGCTTC-3′ |
Gapdh | 5′-GGTCACCAGGGCTGCTTTTA-3′ | 5′-GAGGGATCTCGCTCCTGGA-3′ |
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Yang, A.; Li, S.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, X.; Guan, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Liang, Y.; Zhao, L.; Wang, J. BMP/Smad Pathway Is Involved in Lithium Carbonate-Induced Neural-Tube Defects in Mice and Neural Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314831
Yang A, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Guan Z, Zhu Z, Liang Y, Zhao L, Wang J. BMP/Smad Pathway Is Involved in Lithium Carbonate-Induced Neural-Tube Defects in Mice and Neural Stem Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):14831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314831
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Aiyun, Shen Li, Yan Zhang, Xiuwei Wang, Zhen Guan, Zhiqiang Zhu, Yingchao Liang, Lijiao Zhao, and Jianhua Wang. 2022. "BMP/Smad Pathway Is Involved in Lithium Carbonate-Induced Neural-Tube Defects in Mice and Neural Stem Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 14831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314831