The Central Nervous Mechanism of Stress-Promoting Cancer Progression
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Stress Accelerates Tumor Progression via the Sympathetic Nervous System
2.1. Stress Activates SNS-Related Neural Circuits
2.2. Sympathetic Nerve Fibers Release Neurotransmitters to Promote Tumor Progression
2.3. The Adrenal Medulla Secretes Epinephrine to Promote Tumor Progression
3. Stress Accelerates Tumor Progression via the HPA Axis
3.1. Stress Activates HPA Axis-Related Neural Circuits
3.2. The Adrenal Medulla Secretes Glucocorticoids to Promote Tumor Progression
4. Other Stressors
5. Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Src | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src |
CREB | cAMP response element-binding protein |
NO | Nitric oxide |
IL-4 | Interleukin-4 |
IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
IL-12 | Interleukin-12 |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor α |
BAD | Bcl-2-associated death promoter |
MCL-1 | Myeloid leukemia 1 |
LHDA | Lactate dehydrogenase A–dependent |
VEGF | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1a |
IFN-γ | Interferon-γ |
BRCA1 | Breast cancer type 1 gene |
YAP | Yes-associated protein |
TEAD4 | TEA Domain Transcription Factor 4 |
PD-1/PD-L1 | Programmed Cell Death 1/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 |
GABA | Gamma-aminobutyric acid |
fMRI | Functional magnetic resonance imaging |
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Hong, Y.; Zhang, L.; Liu, N.; Xu, X.; Liu, D.; Tu, J. The Central Nervous Mechanism of Stress-Promoting Cancer Progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12653. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012653
Hong Y, Zhang L, Liu N, Xu X, Liu D, Tu J. The Central Nervous Mechanism of Stress-Promoting Cancer Progression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(20):12653. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012653
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong, Yuchuan, Lu Zhang, Nian Liu, Xirong Xu, Dan Liu, and Jie Tu. 2022. "The Central Nervous Mechanism of Stress-Promoting Cancer Progression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20: 12653. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012653