The Cross-Resistance Pattern and the Metabolic Resistance Mechanism of Acetamiprid in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Acetamiprid Resistance Selection
2.2. The Cross-Resistance Pattern
2.3. Synergistic Effects and Enzyme Activity Evaluation
2.4. Assessment of Expression Levels of P450 Genes
2.5. Silencing of CYP6ER1 Increases Susceptibility to Acetamiprid in the Resistant Strain
2.6. In Silico Binding of Acetamiprid to CYP6ER1
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Insects
4.2. Insecticides and Chemicals
4.3. Bioassays
4.4. Enzyme Activity Measurements
4.5. RNA Isolation, cDNA Preparation, and RT-qPCR
4.6. The RNA Interference of CYP6ER1
4.7. Homology Modelling and Molecular Docking
4.8. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Generation | No. | Slope (±SE) | χ2 (df) | p Value | LC50 (95%CI) (mg/L) | RR | RR’ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AC-S | 315 | 2.73 (±0.26) | 2.74 (4) | 0.603 | 16.20 (13.65–18.98) | 1 | - |
G0 | 315 | 2.02 (±0.22) | 1.41 (4) | 0.842 | 39.13 (31.56–47.55) | 2.4 | 1 |
G1 | 315 | 2.28 (±0.24) | 1.28 (4) | 0.864 | 44.24 (36.75–52.87) | 2.7 | 1.1 |
G2 | 315 | 1.68 (±0.21) | 2.39 (4) | 0.664 | 40.11 (31.44–53.88) | 2.5 | 1.0 |
G3 | 270 | 2.30 (±0.35) | 1.40 (3) | 0.706 | 64.47 (52.35–79.10) | 4.0 | 1.7 |
G4 | 315 | 2.53 (±0.27) | 3.15 (4) | 0.533 | 66.91 (56.03–78.42) | 4.1 | 1.7 |
G5 | 315 | 1.88 (±0.22) | 5.48 (4) | 0.241 | 69.90 (54.38–86.63) | 4.3 | 1.8 |
G6 | 270 | 2.45 (±0.32) | 2.71 (3) | 0.438 | 102.22 (80.48–123.93) | 6.3 | 2.6 |
G7 | 315 | 3.78 (±0.46) | 3.71 (4) | 0.446 | 143.35 (127.85–162.68) | 8.9 | 3.7 |
G8 | 315 | 2.74 (±0.32) | 0.67 (4) | 0.956 | 165.83 (141.86–194.22) | 10.2 | 4.2 |
G9 | 315 | 1.71 (±0.20) | 4.58 (4) | 0.644 | 110.35 (86.87–140.56) | 6.8 | 2.8 |
G10 | 315 | 2.97 (±0.34) | 1.94 (4) | 0.746 | 220.39 (191.08–262.42) | 13.6 | 5.6 |
G11 | 315 | 3.02 (±0.40) | 1.24 (4) | 0.872 | 125.32 (107.87–144.89) | 7.7 | 3.2 |
G12 | 315 | 1.64 (±0.24) | 0.96 (4) | 0.915 | 134.95 (107.67–172.07) | 8.3 | 3.5 |
G13 | 315 | 3.32 (±0.27) | 0.72 (4) | 0.949 | 231.45 (191.95–293.64) | 14.3 | 5.9 |
G14 | 315 | 1.41 (±0.25) | 1.96 (4) | 0.743 | 271.45 (205.26–414.05) | 16.8 | 6.9 |
G15 | 315 | 2.06 (±0.30) | 1.78 (4) | 0.775 | 315.42 (263.68–390.67) | 19.5 | 8.1 |
G16 | 315 | 3.55 (±0.44) | 2.14 (4) | 0.711 | 363.72(325.08–417.12) | 22.5 | 9.3 |
G17 | 315 | 3.39 (±0.40) | 3.00 (4) | 0.559 | 343.50 (303.20–401.48) | 21.2 | 8.8 |
G18 | 315 | 2.72 (±0.40) | 2.38 (4) | 0.667 | 421.36 (362.82–519.72) | 26.0 | 10.8 |
G19 | 315 | 3.28 (±0.47) | 5.86 (4) | 0.210 | 382.19 (336.98–427.66) | 23.6 | 9.8 |
G20 | 315 | 2.10 (±0.33) | 5.41 (4) | 0.248 | 559.62 (463.01–667.15) | 34.5 | 14.3 |
G21 | 270 | 4.07 (±0.65) | 6.01 (3) | 0.111 | 858.75 (773.01–983.36) | 53.0 | 22.0 |
G22 | 315 | 3.44 (±0.49) | 4.00 (4) | 0.406 | 763.95 (674.62–853.34) | 47.2 | 19.5 |
G23 | 315 | 5.70 (±0.69) | 2.80 (4) | 0.592 | 867.57 (805.36–939.79) | 53.6 | 22.2 |
G24 | 315 | 2.70 (±0.45) | 1.96 (4) | 0.744 | 769.81 (661.09–880.96) | 47.5 | 19.7 |
G25 | 270 | 3.87 (±0.48) | 0.87 (3) | 0.833 | 805.16 (718.30–900.54) | 49.7 | 20.6 |
G26 | 315 | 2.80 (±0.28) | 5.40 (4) | 0.248 | 755.55 (638.24–887.94) | 46.6 | 19.3 |
G27 | 270 | 2.57 (±0.37) | 6.41 (3) | 0.094 | 730.38 (621.35–888.24) | 45.1 | 18.7 |
G28 | 315 | 3.06 (±0.33) | 4.28 (4) | 0.370 | 953.99 (833.19–1108.69) | 58.9 | 24.4 |
G29 | 270 | 2.68 (±0.32) | 3.89 (3) | 0.274 | 793.50 (664.17–953.40) | 49.0 | 20.3 |
G30 | 315 | 3.37 (±0.38) | 0.66 (4) | 0.956 | 971.23 (861.86–1093.52) | 60.0 | 24.8 |
Insecticides | Strains | Slope (±SE) | χ2 (df) | p Value | LC50 (95%CI) mg/L | RR a | CR b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetamiprid | UNSEL | 2.34 (±0.24) | 0.66 (4) | 0.956 | 39.42 (32.61–46.89) | - | |
G24 | 2.70 (±0.45) | 1.96 (4) | 0.744 | 769.81 (661.09–880.96) | 19.5 | ||
G30 | 3.37 (±0.38) | 0.66 (4) | 0.956 | 971.23 (861.86–1093.52) | 24.6 | ||
Thiamethoxam | UNSEL | 1.37 (±0.18) | 6.99 (4) | 0.136 | 32.20 (24.18–45.18) | - | |
G24 | 3.20 (±0.32) | 2.83 (4) | 0.586 | 722.78 (625.86–826.48) | 22.5 | ||
G30 | 2.88 (±0.30) | 5.77 (4) | 0.217 | 824.08 (712.78–953.62) | 26.0 | ||
Nitenpyram | UNSEL | 2.05 (±0.22) | 2.24 (4) | 0.691 | 2.96 (2.40–3.68) | - | |
G24 | 2.65 (±0.31) | 3.44 (3) | 0.151 | 61.64 (50.49–73.60) | 20.8 | ||
G30 | 2.30 (±0.26) | 2.29 (4) | 0.665 | 63.20 (51.41–75.36) | 21.4 | ||
Imidacloprid | UNSEL | 1.91 (±0.26) | 3.64 (4) | 0.457 | 125.54 (110.07–162.34) | ||
G24 | 2.35 (±0.32) | 2.86 (3) | 0.414 | 1655.61 (1384.60–2051.04) | 13.2 | ||
G30 | 2.52 (±0.39) | 4.98 (4) | 0.289 | 1837.57 (1571.23–2175.77) | 14.6 | ||
Cycloxaprid | UNSEL | 1.66 (±0.21) | 2.53 (4) | 0.639 | 14.10 (10.95–18.67) | - | |
G24 | 2.82 (±0.33) | 4.23 (4) | 0.376 | 159.99 (137.05–186.37) | 11.4 | ||
G30 | 2.76 (±0.30) | 1.96 (4) | 0.743 | 168.81 (145.55–196.41) | 12.0 | ||
Dinotefuran | UNSEL | 1.44 (±0.18) | 2.81 (4) | 0.560 | 21.30 (16.04–28.02) | - | |
G24 | 2.71 (±0.34) | 2.59 (4) | 0.628 | 164.31 (142.28–195.58) | 7.7 | ||
G30 | 2.63 (±0.29) | 2.02 (4) | 0.732 | 185.93 (159.41–222.21) | 8.7 | ||
Sulfoxaflor | UNSEL | 2.75 (±0.28) | 1.95 (4) | 0.745 | 7.80 (6.58–9.50) | - | |
G24 | 3.03 (±0.36) | 1.62 (4) | 0.806 | 40.01 (35.09–46.73) | 5.1 | ||
G30 | 2.91 (±0.40) | 1.43 (3) | 0.670 | 59.25 (51.32–69.39) | 7.6 | ||
Clothianidin | UNSEL | 1.55 (±0.19) | 2.52 (4) | 0.640 | 29.81 (23.04–45.18) | - | |
G24 | 3.28 (±0.42) | 2.01 (3) | 0.570 | 143.64 (124.36–167.85) | 4.8 | ||
G30 | 2.68 (±0.33) | 4.02 (3) | 0.259 | 151.48 (19.06–181.03) | 5.1 | ||
Isoprocarb | UNSEL | 2.09 (±0.26) | 1.65 (3) | 0.647 | 77.09 (61.69–95.87) | - | |
G24 | 2.19 (±0.31) | 5.71 (3) | 0.127 | 602.64 (487.94–733.52) | 7.8 | ||
G30 | 1.86 (±0.22) | 4.93 (4) | 0.295 | 633.55 (507.88–804.32) | 8.2 | ||
Chlorpyrifos | UNSEL | 2.77 (±0.37) | 2.23 (3) | 0.526 | 18.99 (16.09–23.64) | - | |
G24 | 3.82 (±0.45) | 3.50 (3) | 0.321 | 25.45 (22.48–28.61) | 1.3 | ||
G30 | 2.80 (±0.33) | 6.05 (3) | 0.109 | 32.43 (27.63–38.00) | 1.7 | ||
Buprofezin | UNSEL | 1.53 (±0.20) | 1.65 (4) | 0.800 | 99.81 (75.78–142.17) | - | |
G24 | 1.29 (±0.22) | 1.23 (3) | 0.745 | 146.20 (103.14–202.52) | 1.5 | ||
G30 | 1.70 (±0.23) | 0.20 (3) | 0.978 | 152.44 (118.07–195.39) | 1.5 | ||
Etofenprox | UNSEL | 1.71 (±0.23) | 3.73 (4) | 0.444 | 121.45 (96.68–157.90) | - | |
G24 | 1.78 (±0.20) | 0.71 (4) | 0.950 | 110.02 (85.17–138.46) | 0.9 | ||
G30 | 1.67 (±0.20) | 0.70(4) | 0.951 | 138.67 (108.14–177.42) | 1.1 |
Strain | Acetamiprid/Synergist | Slope (±SE) | χ2 (df) | p Value | LC50 (95%CI) mg/L | SR a | RSR b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AC-S | Acetamiprid | 2.18 (±0.27) | 0.94 (3) | 0.816 | 27.27 (21.74–33.53) | ||
Acetamiprid + PBO | 1.93 (±0.25) | 0.19 (3) | 0.980 | 21.00 (15.98–26.21) | 1.3 | ||
Acetamiprid + TPP | 1.83 (±0.20) | 2.06 (4) | 0.726 | 17.23 (13.58–21.38) | 1.6 | ||
Acetamiprid + DEM | 2.20 (±0.26) | 1.93 (3) | 0.586 | 26.56 (21.50–32.32) | 1.0 | ||
AC-R(G28) | Acetamiprid | 3.13 (±0.41) | 3.83 (4) | 0.429 | 1898.71 (1645.95–2237.97) | ||
Acetamiprid + PBO | 2.11 (±0.24) | 2.91 (4) | 0.572 | 676.31 (535.17–825.02) | 2.8 | 2.2 | |
Acetamiprid + TPP | 1.47 (±0.20) | 0.97 (4) | 0.442 | 871.68 (662.61–1234.75) | 2.2 | 1.4 | |
Acetamiprid + DEM | 2.48 (±0.28) | 5.80 (4) | 0.215 | 1685.20 (1434.62–1986.06) | 1.1 | 1.1 |
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Wu, S.; He, M.; Xia, F.; Zhao, X.; Liao, X.; Li, R.; Li, M. The Cross-Resistance Pattern and the Metabolic Resistance Mechanism of Acetamiprid in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169429
Wu S, He M, Xia F, Zhao X, Liao X, Li R, Li M. The Cross-Resistance Pattern and the Metabolic Resistance Mechanism of Acetamiprid in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(16):9429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169429
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Shuai, Minrong He, Fujin Xia, Xueyi Zhao, Xun Liao, Rongyu Li, and Ming Li. 2022. "The Cross-Resistance Pattern and the Metabolic Resistance Mechanism of Acetamiprid in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16: 9429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169429